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RURAL WELFARE ______. ........._._
FAD has issued a number of Development Papers and other studies concerned with
different aspects of rural welfare. A selection of titles follows. The letters E, F, S indIcate
that separate editions are available in English, French and Spanish respectiyely.
Essentials of Rural Welfare
Agricultural Study No. 27.
+
December 1953; iv 43 pp. 2nd printing (E F S) $ 0.50 ls.6d.
An approach to the improvement of r"ral well·being; outline. proteduros for planning and implementing
rural welfare programs.
Educational Approaches to Rural Welfare
+
1949, v 51 pp., tables, map. (E) $ 0.25 h.3d.
Social Welfare in Rural Communities
1949, 20 pp. (E) $ 0.25 h.3d.
"Training Rural Leaders
1950, 136 pp., 43 illUstrations, map, 2 tables. (E F S) $ 1.50 15.6d.
An FAG Study of the Shanton Bailie School, Kan,u Province, China, .uggesting some fine, of appro~ci1
to the training or rural leaders, espe(:ially in the co-operative movome:nt, ~n economjc~lIy JBss~deveJDped
areas. Second printiog.
Use of the Revolving Capital Plan by Co-operative Associations
Development Paper No. 1 S, by H. 1. Louwes.
+
October 1951, iii 10 pp. (E F S) $ 0.25 h.3d.
A shert paper on ,hi. method or co.operative finance, with practical note, on it. us. In Canada ond
the United St.~e,.
Agricultural Credit for Small Farmers
Development Paper No. 16, by Sir Bernard Binns.
October 1952, 11+ 12 pp. (E F S) $ 0.25 h.3d.
Prlm~rily concerned with practical and administrative matte", this paper Is based on the wrlt.r·, ex.
perlence in Burma, 1931·45 •.
co-oJ~ative Thrift, Credit and Marketing in Economically Under-developed
Countries
Development Paper No. 34.
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july 1953, iv 63 pp. (E S) $ O.SO 25. 6d.
French edition in preparation.
Organization and Activities of 4·H Clubs In the United States
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Iii 21 pp. (E F S) $ 0.25 1s.3d,
Community Organization for Irrigation in the United States
Development Paper No. 19, by F. Adams.
+
October 1952, iii 39 pp. (E F S) $ 0.50 25.6d.
The .uccess of irrigation prolects depends to a larga degree upon the users or the water having their
own organization. This short paper outline, ond dlscu"., the vorlou, rorms of orgnnlza,lon which havI
been doveloped in tho western State, of U. S. A. to d ,., with this problem.
.!l~Df~:rv
Ar,iicultural Resenrch In.';~itH~':i',
NI~w Delhi (!ndi~ \.

FACT.FINDING WITH RURAL PEOPLE

FAO Agricultural Development Paper No. 52
Fact-Finding
with
Rural People
A Guide to
Effective
Social Survey
p repa red by:
HSIN-PAO YANG
Rural Sociologist,
Rural Welfare Branch,
Asriculture Division,
FAO
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4Co(D '"\(0
......
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food and Asriculture Orgar;ization of the United Nations
Rome, 'Italy
August, 1955

FOREWORD
In 194,9, FAO published a study, Essentials of Rural Welfare,
which was an attempt to examine the nature of TUral welfare, the
factors which affect it and the conditions by which it is evaluated.
Following this publication the next natural step is to show how
the various aspects of rural life may be examined and how the facts
nbollt conditions of rural populations may be found and analyzed.
If programs for the improvement of TUral conditions are to be well
balnnced, inllJgraled and realistic, they should be based on facts and
the real filcts can be found only through properly conducted wrvey
and analysis.
This mmmal is intended for the use of government officials and
others who may have the responsibility of organizing and conducting
mral survflys (~f one Teind or another bnt are ullfamiliar with the use
(l1ul IIwthods of social science. It may also be useful in colleges or
otlwr institutions where mral welfare workers anl trained.
The manual bllgins with a brief introduction on the importance
and nature of the social survey. Then it moves into a description of
the main steps in the fact-finding process itse~f. This is presented
in over·all t(lTIns, since the later sections go into specific details. The
Wlxt chapter is devoted to (L description of the methods used in se
wring information, although tlwse methods also belong to the second
step of conducting (t survily. The manual then takes up the problems
involv{)(l in f(tct~/inding whether at a local, national or intemational
lilvd. This is followed by topical outlines of facts to be investigated;
tlws(! shrmld be consulted during the first step of planning the survey,
since thq are jhll of suggestions as to what might be inclndcd if
resourCes of time, st(~ff, and mone.y permit a full-scale investigation.
Finnl~y there arc listed the better·Tmown surveys nnd examples of
orgnniz()d .fact~finding in many part.~ of the world. Some of these
may Sflrllll ns pnttems, otlwrs mere~y afford suggestions. In the course
(!f jJn1.l)(l,ring the malHwl, m(tnJ monl complicated aspects of social
sllr/JI~y Imd social research have bllen deliberately [eft out. To help
relldflrs to advance tlwir knowledge of scientific socinl survey 'Work
nnd res(!.(l7"{:h they are urged to consult the standard texts listed in the
Tljerences for further reading.
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