Alienation or Integration of Arab Youth: Between Family, State and Street

236 Pages·2000·8.887 MB·English

by  Roel Meijer

Alienation or
Integration
of Arab Youth
Between Family,
State and Street
This page intentionally left blank
Alienation or
Integration
of Arab Youth
Between Family,
State and Street
Edited by
Roel Meijer
I~ ~~o~1~~n~~~u~p~ o~1~~n~~~up
LONDON AND NEW YORK
EUROPEAN
CULTURAL
FOUNDATION
n " • The European Cultural Foundation is an independent
c c 0
" • z non-profit organization which promotes cultural cooperation
c~ •0 0 in Europe. It was founded in \954 in order to inspire and
• > support the cultural and human dimension in the new
" "" ~ movement towards a European political and economic
z 0 community. The EeF is an operating foundation that both
z z
initiates and manages its own projects and programmes, and
" gives grants to other bodies for European-level cultural
0 activities.
"
" European Cultural Foundation
> Jan van Goyenkade 5
1075 HN Amsterdam
Tel: [phone]
Fax: +3\ 206752231
E-mail: [email protected]
First Published in 2000
by Curzon Press
Published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
ROlltledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis GrollP, an informa bllsiness
Editorial Matter © 2000 Roel Meijer
Typeset in Horley Old Style by LaserScript Ltd, Mitcham, Surrey
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congrt5S Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book has been requested
ISBN 978-0-700-71255-7 (pbk)
Contents
Acknowledgements
Vll
List of Contributors
Vlll
Preface
Xl
Introduction v
Roel Meijer
Part I Background to present day youth problems
1. Arab youth today: The generation gap, identity crisis
and democratic deficit 17
Gema Martin Munoz
2. The demographic inflection of the southern Mediterranean:
Reasons for optimism 27
Youssef Courbage
Part II Political generations
3. Youth and Arab politics: The political generation of 1935- 36 47
Haggai Erlich
4. The Egyptian generation of 1967: Reaction of the young to
national defeat 71
Ahmed Abdalla
5. Youth, the street and violence in Algeria 83
Luis Martinez
v
CONTENTS
6. Morocco's next political generation 107
Mark Tessler
Part III Constructing new identities
7. Legitimate subversion and the symbolism of integration
in Ral music in Algeria 135
Hadj Miliani
8. Youth in Morocco: An indicator of a changing society 143
Mounia Bennani-Chrai"bi
9. Caught between two worlds: Youth in the Egyptian
hinterland 161
Barbara Ibrahim and Hind Wassef
Part IV Generational conflicts in Arabic literature
10. The lost heritage: Generation conflicts in four
Arabic novels 189
Richard van Leeuwen
11. Escape from the family: A theme in Arabic autobiography 207
Tetz Rooke
VI
Acknowledgements
The seminar Between Family, State and Street, on which this volume
is based, was coordinated by Annette van Beugen, ECF programme
officer, assisted by Sandrine Crisostomo, in cooperation with Odile
Chenal, ECF programme director and Roel Meijer, consultant. It was
made possible thanks to the generous support of the European
Commission (DGlB) and the NCDO (National Committee for
International Cooperation and Sustainable Development). The
European Cultural Foundation is grateful to Gema Martin Munoz,
Paolo de Mas and Sami Zubaida for their contributions during the
preparation of the seminar.
Roel Meijer, editor of this book, is particularly grateful to all those
authors who generously contributed to the present volume without
having been present at the seminar: Mounia Bennani-Chraibi,
Barbara Ibrahim, Richard van Leeuwen, Luis Martinez, Tetz Rooke
and Hind Wassef. Matthew Teller and Martine van Elk are thanked
for their English editing.
VB
List of Contributors
Ahmed Abdalla is director of al-Jeel Centre for Youth and Social
Studies. Author of the Student Movement and National Politics in
Egypt (1986), and a regular contributor to the Arabic quarterly
al-Siyasa al-Dawliyya and the monthly magazine al-Qahira. He was
one of the most important student leaders of the 1970s in Egypt.
Mounia Bennani-Chralbi is researcher in political science at CNRS
in Paris and author of Soumis et rebelles au Maroc (1994). She has
written widely on youth in Morocco.
Youssef Courbage, born in 1946 in Aleppo is presently Director of
Researches at the Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques in
Paris, after working as a United Nations Expert in the field of
population in the Middle East, Subsaharan Africa, the West Indies
and the Maghreb. Areas of interests cover the population and societies
in developing countries, particularly the Arab and Moslem countries
and the study of national minorities. He is the author together with
Philippe Fargues of Christians and Jews in Islam, (1997).
Haggai Erlich holds a Ph.D from SOAS, London University, 1973,
is a Professor at Tel Aviv University, the Department of Middle
Eastern and African history, where he heads graduate studies. He has
written eleven books on the modern histories of Ethiopia, Egypt, the
Nile, Christian-Islamic relations, Students and higher education in
Arab societies including publications as Students and University in
Egyptian Politics (1989), Ethiopia and the Middle East (1994) Ras Alula
V1l1
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
and the Scramble for Africa (1996) The Nile - Civilizations, Histories,
Myths, with Israel Gershoni, eds.(1999).
Barbara Ibrahim, Ph.D., is Regional Director for the Population
Council's Regional Office for West Asia and North Africa, Cairo. She
holds a Ph.D. in sociology from Indiana University and an M.A. in
sociology from The American University in Beirut. Formerly she was
a program officer for urban poverty with the Ford Foundation and
taught sociology at The American University in Cairo. Her
publications and research interests have focused on women's labor
force participation, indigenous philanthropy, and youth and social
change.
Richard van Leeuwen holds a Ph.D. from the University of
Amsterdam, 1992, and has published extensively on the history of the
Middle East and Arabic literature. His publications include Notables
and Clergy in Mount Lebanon: The Khazin Sheykhs and the Maronite
Chruch, 1736-1840 (1994) and Waqfs and Urban Structures: The Case
of Ottoman Damascus (1999). He currently works as a translator of
Arabic literature.
Gema Martin Munoz, Professor of Sociology of the Arab and
Islamic World at the Autonoma University of Madrid and is
responsible for the Arab Women Section at the Institute for Women
Studies at the same University. Member of the scientific committees
of the Transmediterranean Programme of the North-South Centre of
the European Council and of the Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies.
Among her publications are Islam, Modernism and the West (1999)
and The Arab State. Crisis of Legitimacy and Islamist Response (1999).
Luis Martinez is senior researcher at the CERI (Centre for Study of
International Relations) and a lecturer at the IEP (Institute for
Political Science) in Paris. He is a specialist on Algeria and is currently
researching socio-economic and political transformations in Libya. He
has published numerous articles on issues concerning the Maghreb as
well as a study on the Euro-Maghreb partnership together with
B. Hibou, Le partenariat Euro-Maghreb: un mariage blanc?
Roe! Meijer teaches Middle Eastern history at the University of
Nijmegen, Department of Languages and Cultures of the Middle East,
(TCMO). He holds a Ph.D. in Middle Eastern history from the
IX