Alcoholism Sourcebook, Third Edition

621 Pages·2010·7.23 MB·English

by  Joyce Brennfleck Shannon

Health Reference Series
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Basic Consumer Health Information about Alcohol
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Changes and Problems with Cognitive Functioning,
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and Fetal Development, Mental Health Problems
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the Community
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for More Information
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__________________________________________________E___d__i__t_e__d__ __b__y__ _________________________________________________
Joyce Brennfleck Shannon
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(c) 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Associated with Alcohol Abuse, and Alcohol’s Impact on
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Bibliographic Note
Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic
Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice.
Edited by Joyce Brennfleck Shannon
Health Reference Series
Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor
David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant
Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator
Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant
EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers
* * *
Omnigraphics, Inc.
Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President
Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager
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Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher
Copyright © 2010 Omnigraphics, Inc.
ISBN 978-0-7808-1141-6
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Alcoholism sourcebook : basic consumer health information about alcohol use, abuse, and addiction,
including facts about the physical consequences of alcohol abuse, such as brain changes and
problems with cognitive functioning, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, cardiovascular disease,
pancreatitis, and alcoholic neuropathy, and the effects of alcohol on reproductive health and fetal
development, mental health problems associated with alcohol abuse, and alcohol's impact on
families, workplaces, and the community; along with information about underage drinking, alcohol
treatment and recovery, a glossary of related terms, and directories of resources for more information
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volumes in which they are covered.
Preface............................................................................................xv
Part I: Understanding Alcohol Use, Abuse, and
Dependence
Chapter 1—When Can Alcohol Be Used Safely? ..........................3
Section 1.1—Drinking Alcohol:
Low Risk Versus
High Risk..........................................4
Section 1.2—Alcohol Dietary Guidelines
for Americans....................................9
Section 1.3—Prevalence of Alcohol Use
in the United States.......................12
Chapter 2—Ethnicity, Culture, and Alcohol................................17
Chapter 3—Binge Drinking..........................................................23
Chapter 4—Facts about Alcoholism.............................................27
Section 4.1—What Does Alcoholism
Look Like?.......................................28
Section 4.2—Questions and Answers
about Alcoholism............................30
Section 4.3—Researchers Identify
Alcoholism Subtypes......................33
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Chapter 5—Alcohol-Related Problems: Are You at Risk? ..........37
Section 5.1—Risk Factors for
Alcohol-Related Problems
across the Lifespan.........................38
Section 5.2—Alcohol and Women’s
Health Issues..................................42
Section 5.3—Men’s Health Risks from
Excessive Alcohol Use ...................49
Section 5.4—Alcohol Use in Older People...........53
Section 5.5—Stress and the Abuse
of Alcohol and Other
Substances......................................55
Chapter 6—Understanding the Development
of an Addiction..........................................................59
Section 6.1—How Do Addictions Develop?..........60
Section 6.2—The Science Behind Addiction........63
Section 6.3—Frequently Asked Questions
about Addiction...............................66
Chapter 7—The Genetics of Alcoholism......................................69
Section 7.1—Genes and Addiction.......................70
Section 7.2—Is There a Genetic Link
between Alcoholism and
Other Drug Use Disorders?............72
Section 7.3—Alcohol Metabolism
Is Controlled by
Genetic Factors...............................77
Part II: The Problem of Underage Drinking
Chapter 8—Underage Drinking in America:
Scope of the Problem................................................85
Chapter 9—Current Drinking Patterns among
Underage Drinkers...................................................93
Section 9.1—Quantity and Frequency of
Alcohol Use among Underage
Drinkers..........................................94
Section 9.2—Where Do Youth Obtain
and Consume Alcohol?....................95
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Chapter 10—Does Advertising Play a Role in Underage
Drinking?................................................................99
Section 10.1—Advertising Regulations
for Alcoholic Beverages ...........100
Section 10.2—Youth Exposure to Alcohol
Advertising...............................102
Section 10.3—How to Identify, Analyze,
and Evaluate Media
Messages...................................104
Chapter 11—How Alcohol Affects Development.......................107
Section 11.1—Developmental Perspective
on Underage Alcohol Use.........108
Section 11.2—Alcohol Use and Adolescent
Development.............................111
Chapter 12—Factors That Place Teens at Risk for
Alcohol-Related Problems....................................115
Section 12.1—Adolescents at Risk
for Substance Use
Disorders...................................116
Section 12.2—Paternal Alcohol Use
Increases Substance
Use among Adolescents............120
Section 12.3—Alcohol, Energy Drinks,
and Youth: A Dangerous
Mix............................................122
Chapter 13—Alcohol Use on College Campuses.......................129
Section 13.1—Drinking on Campus:
Scope of the Problem................130
Section 13.2—Campus Safety Issue:
Violence and Alcohol
Use ...........................................133
Section 13.3—Sexual Violence and Alcohol
Use on Campus.........................135
Section 13.4—Academic Performance
and Alcohol Use........................138
Section 13.5—What Policy-Makers Need
to Know about College
Drinking....................................139
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Chapter 14—Family Guide to Underage Drinking
Prevention.............................................................141
Section 14.1—Parental Involvement
in Alcohol Use Prevention........142
Section 14.2—Talk to Your Child about
Alcohol......................................144
Section 14.3—Family-Based Prevention
among Teens with Genetic
Risk Factors for Substance
Abuse........................................148
Chapter 15—Efforts to Prevent and Reduce Alcohol
Problems in Adolescents.......................................151
Section 15.1—School Interventions to
Prevent Alcohol Abuse.............152
Section 15.2—Comprehensive Principles
for Interventions Aimed at
Underage Alcohol Use..............154
Section 15.3—Alcohol Use Prevention
and Intervention in
Underage Populations..............156
Section 15.4—Adolescent Exposure to
Substance Use Prevention
Messages ..................................158
Chapter 16—Community-Based Alcohol Abuse
Prevention.............................................................163
Section 16.1—Strategies for Local
Alcohol-Related Policies
and Practices............................164
Section 16.2—Town Hall Meetings
Mobilize Communities
to Prevent and Reduce
Underage Alcohol Use..............166
Section 16.3—Communities That Care
(CTC): An Evidence-Based
Substance-Use Prevention
System......................................168
Chapter 17—The Minimum Legal Drinking Age
(MLDA) Law.........................................................171
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Part III: The Physical Effects and Consequences of
Alcohol Abuse
Chapter 18—Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC).....................177
Section 18.1—BAC and Alcohol
Impairment...............................178
Section 18.2—Alcohol Poisoning.....................183
Chapter 19—Alcohol Hangover..................................................185
Chapter 20—Alcohol Changes the Brain...................................191
Section 20.1—Alcohol Tolerance and
Withdrawal...............................192
Section 20.2—Drinking and Cognitive
Function....................................194
Section 20.3—Adolescent Brain Is
Vulnerable to Alcohol
Exposure...................................197
Section 20.4—Wernicke-Korsakoff
Syndrome (Alcoholic
Encephalopathy).......................199
Chapter 21—Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease.............................203
Section 21.1—Overview and Progression
of Liver Disease........................204
Section 21.2—Cirrhosis...................................209
Section 21.3—Fatty Liver................................213
Section 21.4—Alcohol and Hepatitis C...........216
Section 21.5—Nutrition Therapy in
Alcoholic Liver Disease............218
Chapter 22—Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease ...................221
Section 22.1—Alcohol, Wine, and
Cardiovascular Disease............222
Section 22.2—Blood Pressure and
Alcohol......................................226
Section 22.3—Cardiomyopathy ......................227
Chapter 23—Alcoholic Neuropathy...........................................231
Chapter 24—Alcoholic Lung Disease.........................................237
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Chapter 25—Alcohol Abuse Affects Bone Health......................241
Section 25.1—The Link between Alcohol
and Osteoporosis......................242
Section 25.2—Excessive Alcohol Intake Is a
Risk Factor for Osteonecrosis....245
Chapter 26—Other Organs at Risk from Alcohol Abuse..........249
Section 26.1—Alcohol and the Gastro-
intestinal Tract.........................250
Section 26.2—Alcoholism: A Common
Cause of Pancreatitis...............255
Section 26.3—Alcohol and Kidney Function....258
Chapter 27—How Alcohol Interacts with Other
Diseases and Disorders........................................265
Section 27.1—Influence of Alcohol and Gen-
der on Immune Response.........266
Section 27.2—Alcohol Use Increases Like-
lihood of Acquiring Sexually
Transmitted Diseases (STDs)...269
Section 27.3—Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) and Alcohol Use...271
Section 27.4—Alcohol Increases Cancer
Risks..........................................273
Section 27.5—Alcohol and Hypoglycemia
in Diabetics...............................276
Section 27.6—Alcohol and Sleep
Difficulties ...............................279
Chapter 28—Use with Caution: Alcohol and Medications........281
Section 28.1—Harmful Interactions: Mixing
Alcohol with Medicines............282
Section 28.2—Alcohol Abuse Makes Prescrip-
tion Drug Abuse More Likely....284
Part IV: The Effects of Alcohol on Reproductive and
Fetal Health
Chapter 29—Alcohol and the Reproductive System.................289
Chapter 30—Alcohol Use among Pregnant Women and
Recent Mothers.....................................................295
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