Advances in Asthma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment PDF
Preview Advances in Asthma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Respiratory Disease Series: Diagnostic Tools and Disease Managements Akihito Yokoyama Editor Advances in Asthma Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Respiratory Disease Series: Diagnostic Tools and Disease Managements Series Editors Hiroyuki Nakamura Ibaraki Medical Center Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki, Japan Kazutetsu Aoshiba Ibaraki Medical Center Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki, Japan This book series cover a variety of topics in respiratory diseases, with each volume providing an overview of the current state of knowledge, recent discoveries and future prospects for each disease. In each chapter the editors pose critical questions, which are often unresolved clinical issues. These are then discussed by the authors, providing insights and suggestions as to which developments need to be addressed. The series offers new information, which will inspire innovative ideas to further develop respiratory medicine.This collection of monographs is aimed at benefiting patients across the globe suffering from respiratory disease. Edited by established authorities in the field and written by pioneering experts, this book series will be valuable to those researchers and physicians working in respiratory medicine. The series is aimed at a broad readership, and the books will also be a valuable resource for radiologists, emergency medicine physicians, pathol- ogists, pharmacologists and basic research scientists. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15152 Akihito Yokoyama Editor Advances in Asthma Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Editor Akihito Yokoyama Department of Hematology and Respiratory Medicine Kochi Medical School Nankoku-shi Kochi Japan ISSN 2509-5552 ISSN 2509-5560 (electronic) Respiratory Disease Series: Diagnostic Tools and Disease Managements ISBN 978-981-13-2789-6 ISBN 978-981-13-2790-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2790-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964247 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Bronchial asthma is one of the common diseases among the Japanese, accounting for about 6–10% of the population. A rising prevalence of allergic diseases, such as asthma, had been observed in the past 20–30 years and had been attributed to both Western lifestyle and fewer infections. However, this prevalence has started to decline somewhat in recent years. The effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) became clear since the 1980s. This led to the recognition that airway inflammation, particularly the eosinophilic type, is an essential characteristic of asthma. There is no doubt that the guidelines for asthma have greatly contributed to the spread of ICS use in various countries, including Japan. At the same time, understanding of the mechanism of eosinophilic asthma has greatly improved, owing to both the discovery of functional dichotomy (i.e., Th1, Th2) of the CD4-positive T cell clones and the development of the mouse asthma model. The schema of asthma that was equated to eosinophilic airway inflammation was emphasized in those days. On the other hand, in the late 1990s, the existence of non-eosinophilic asthma was demonstrated, and it became clear that asthma cannot be regarded as a single disease. At present, examination of induced sputum revealed that airway inflamma- tion is divided into 4 types, including eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed, and pauci- granulocytic. When considering the treatment of more severe asthma, the phenotypes and endotypes reflecting the underlying mechanism of asthmatic airway inflamma- tion should be considered. Furthermore, it is now clear that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have important roles in airway inflammation. In particular, involvement of ILC2 in ICS-resistant eosinophilic inflammation and ILC3 in neutrophilic airway inflammation in obesity had been reported. In this volume of the respiratory disease series, we summarized the progress of basic science, such as the genetics and immunology mentioned above, followed by several issues on diagnosis, including phenotype and endotype, periostin, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), forced oscillation technique, and aspirin-exacerbated asthma. Furthermore, we described the recent progress in treatment, such as the renewed guidelines for asthma, knowledge and guidance on the use of asthma inhalers, v vi Preface bronchial thermoplasty, asthma-COPD overlap, and the current and future biolog- ics, such as anti-IgE antibody and anti-IL-4α receptor antibody for severe asthma. These topics will provide the physicians with a comprehensive appreciation of the mechanisms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of bronchial asthma. There are some differences between the Western and Asian populations in terms of the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, and sharing this experience on a Japanese population may be beneficial for clinicians in Asia. Therefore, this book may come in handy and useful for clinical application and patient care. Moreover, the informa- tion in this book could stimulate asthma research in the future. Finally, I appreciate the enthusiastic participation of all the contributors who prepared the outstanding state-of-the-art reviews. Kochi, Japan Akihito Yokoyama Contents Part I Pathophysiology 1 Genetics in Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tohru Sakamoto and Nobuyuki Hizawa 2 Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Koichiro Asano 3 Cellular Mechanisms of Allergic Airway Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Koichi Takagi, Kentaro Machida, and Hiromasa Inoue 4 Mechanisms for Non-eosinophilic Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Arihiko Kanehiro 5 Corticosteroid Resistance in Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Koichi Fukunaga Part II Diagnosis 6 Asthma Phenotype and Endotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Satoshi Konno 7 Periostin as a Biomarker for Type 2 Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Kenji Izuhara, Satoshi Nunomura, Junya Ono, Masayuki Takai, and Yasuhiro Nanri 8 Clinical Application of the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) . . . . . 83 Toshihiro Shirai 9 Diagnostic Value of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) . . . . . . . 93 Kazuto Matsunaga 10 Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Masami Taniguchi, Chihiro Mitsui, and Hiroaki Hayashi vii viii Contents Part III Treatment 11 Essence of the Japanese Guidelines for Adult Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Tomohiro Ichikawa and Hisatoshi Sugiura 12 How to Improve Adherence Technique for Inhaler Use and Selection of Inhalers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Takahiko Horiguchi and Rieko Kondo 13 Treatment with Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody and Free IgE . . . . . . . 145 Hisako Matsumoto 14 Bronchial Thermoplasty: Japanese Experiences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Takashi Iwanaga, Akiko Sano, Osamu Nishiyama, Hiroyuki Sano, and Yuji Tohda 15 Asthma COPD Overlap (ACO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Yasuhiro Gon, Mari Hikichi, and Shu Hashimoto 16 Future Treatment and Other New Biologics for Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Hiroshi Ohnishi and Akihito Yokoyama Part I Pathophysiology
The list of books you might like
