ABZ 2014: The Landing Gear Case Study: Case Study Track, Held at the 4th International Conference on Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z, Toulouse, France, June 2-6, 2014. Proceedings PDF
Preview ABZ 2014: The Landing Gear Case Study: Case Study Track, Held at the 4th International Conference on Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z, Toulouse, France, June 2-6, 2014. Proceedings
Frédéric Boniol Virginie Wiels Yamine Ait Ameur Klaus-Dieter Schewe (Eds.) Communications in Computer and Information Science 433 ABZ 2014: The Landing Gear Case Study Case Study Track, Held at the 4th International Conference on Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM, and Z Toulouse, France, June 2–6, 2014, Proceedings 123 Communications in Computer and Information Science 433 EditorialBoard SimoneDinizJunqueiraBarbosa PontificalCatholicUniversityofRiodeJaneiro(PUC-Rio), RiodeJaneiro,Brazil PhoebeChen LaTrobeUniversity,Melbourne,Australia AlfredoCuzzocrea ICAR-CNRandUniversityofCalabria,Italy XiaoyongDu RenminUniversityofChina,Beijing,China JoaquimFilipe PolytechnicInstituteofSetúbal,Portugal OrhunKara TÜBI˙TAKBI˙LGEMandMiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,Turkey IgorKotenko St.PetersburgInstituteforInformaticsandAutomation oftheRussianAcademyofSciences,Russia KrishnaM.Sivalingam IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,India DominikS´le˛zak UniversityofWarsawandInfobright,Poland TakashiWashio OsakaUniversity,Japan XiaokangYang ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China Frédéric Boniol Virginie Wiels Yamine Ait Ameur Klaus-Dieter Schewe (Eds.) ABZ 2014: The Landing Gear Case Study Case Study Track, Held at the 4th International Conference onAbstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA,VDM, and Z, Toulouse, France, June 2-6, 2014 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors FrédéricBoniol ONERA/DTIM,Toulouse,France E-mail:[email protected] VirginieWiels ONERA/DTIM,Toulouse,France E-mail:[email protected] YamineAitAmeur INP-ENSEEIHT/IRIT,Toulouse,France E-mail:[email protected] Klaus-DieterSchewe SoftwareCompetenceCenterHagenberg,Austria E-mail:[email protected] ISSN1865-0929 e-ISSN1865-0937 ISBN978-3-319-07511-2 e-ISBN978-3-319-07512-9 DOI10.1007/978-3-319-07512-9 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014939449 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection withreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredand executedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation, inistcurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsforuse maybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliabletoprosecution undertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication, neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsor omissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothe materialcontainedherein. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Casestudieshaveplayedanessentialroleinthehistoryofformalmethods.They have allowed us to illustrate the application of formal techniques for modelling and verification so as to compare different methods in terms of expressivity, performance,andeaseofuse. Theyhavealsopermitted ustoenactthe progress made by these methods. As formal methods have made much progress over the years,ouraimatABZ2014wastoproposeacomplexcasestudy,representative of industrial needs. The proposed case study, a landing gear system for an aircraft, is very rich. It is composed of three parts: the pilot interface, the mechanical and hydraulic parts,andthedigitalpart.Thecasestudyisthusnotrestrictedtosoftware,but involves complex system modelling (behavior of gears, doors, cylinders, electro- valves). The software part is in charge of controlling gears and doors, but also of monitoring the system and informing the pilot in case of an anomaly. Re- quirements to be verified on the system include normal mode and failure mode requirements. In both categories, requirements finely combine functional prop- erties and timing constraints. This case study is indeed complex, both to model and to verify. Furthermore, it was not a priori a state-basedorientedcase study andaquestionwastoseehowtheABZformalmethodscouldaccommodatethis kind of system. We were very happy that the case study attracted a lot of interest. The 11 selected papers use different formal techniques: B, ASM, Fiacre. They also propose different kinds of verification: proof, model checking, test generation, run-time monitoring, and simulation. The papers did not necessarily model all aspects of the case study, but the proposed modelling and analyses were very interesting. In addition to the submissions, a lot of interest was expressed in this case study. We had a lively and stimulating track during the 4th edition of the ABZ 2014 conference in Toulouse, with fruitful discussions around the results ob- tained and the difficulties encountered, which fostered further modelling and verification. This ABZ 2014 case study would not have succeeded without the deep in- vestmentandinvolvementoftheProgramCommitteememberswhocontributed by reviewing and selecting the best contributions. This event would not exist if the authors and contributors did not submit their proposals. We extend our thanks to all of them: reviewers, authors, Program Committee members, and Organizing Committee members. AspecialthankstoJean-RaymondAbrialandEgonBo¨rgerfortheirinterest in the case study and the stimulating exchanges we had about it. VI Preface TheEasyChairsystemwassetupforthemanagementofABZ2014support- ing the submission, review, and volume preparationprocesses. It provedto be a powerful framework. Finally, ABZ 2014 received the support of several sponsors, among them Airbus, CNES, CNRS, CS, CRITT Informatique, ENSEEIHT Toulouse, FME, IRIT, INP Toulouse, Midi Pyr´en´ees Region, ONERA, SCCH, and Universit´e Paul Sabatier Toulouse. Many thanks for their support. June 2014 Fr´ed´eric Boniol Virginie Wiels Yamine Ait Ameur Klaus-Dieter Schewe Organization Program Committee Jean-RaymondAbrial Consultant, France Yamine Ait Ameur IRIT/INPT-ENSEEIHT, France Richard Banach University of Manchester, UK Eerke Boiten University of Kent, UK Fr´ed´eric Boniol ONERA, France Michael Butler University of Southampton, UK Egon B¨orger Universita` di Pisa, Italy Ana Cavalcanti University of York, UK David Deharbe Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil John Derrick University of Sheffield, UK Juergen Dingel Queen’s University, UK Kerstin Eder University of Bristol, UK Roozbeh Farahbod SAP Research, Germany Mamoun Filali-Amine IRIT-Toulouse, France John Fitzgerald Newcastle University, UK Marc Frappier University of Sherbrooke, Canada Vincenzo Gervasi University of Pisa, Italy Dimitra Giannakopoulou NASA Ames, USA Uwe Gl¨asser Simon Fraser University, Canada Stefania Gnesi ISTI-CNR, Italy Lindsay Groves VictoriaUniversityofWellington,NewZealand Stefan Hallerstede University of Du¨sseldorf, Germany Klaus Havelund California Institute of Technology, USA Ian J. Hayes University of Queensland, Australia Rob Hierons Brunel University, UK Thai Son Hoang Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland Sarfraz Khurshid The University of Texas at Austin, USA Regine Laleau Paris Est Creteil University, France Leslie Lamport Microsoft Research, USA Peter Gorm Larsen Aarhus School of Engineering, Denmark Thierry Lecomte ClearSy, France Michael Leuschel University of Du¨sseldorf, Germany Yuan-Fang Li Monash University, Australia VIII Organization Zhiming Liu United Nations University - International Institute for Software Technology, Macao Tiziana Margaria University of Potsdam, Germany Atif Mashkoor Software Competence Center Hagenberg, Austria Dominique Mery Universit´e de Lorraine, LORIA, France Stephan Merz Inria Lorraine, France Mohamed Mosbah LaBRI - University of Bordeaux, France Cesar Muno˜z NASA Langley, USA Uwe Nestmann Technische Universit¨at Berlin, Germany Chris Newcombe Amazon.com, USA Jose Oliveira Universidade do Minho, Portugal Luigia Petre ˚Abo Akademi University, Finland Andreas Prinz University of Agder, Norway Alexander Raschke InstituteofSoftwareEngineeringandCompiler Construction, Germany Elvinia Riccobene DTI - University of Milan, Italy Ken Robinson The University of New South Wales, Australia Thomas Rodeheffer Microsoft Research, USA Alexander Romanovsky Newcastle University, UK Thomas Santen European Microsoft Innovation Center, Aachen, Germany Patrizia Scandurra DIIMM - University of Bergamo, Italy Gerhard Schellhorn Universita¨t Augsburg, Germany Klaus-Dieter Schewe Software Competence Center Hagenberg, Austria Steve Schneider University of Surrey, UK Colin Snook University of Southampton, UK Jing Sun The University of Auckland, New Zealand Mana Taghdiri KIT, Germany Margus Veanes Microsoft Research, USA Marcel Verhoef Chess, The Netherlands Friedrich Vogt University of Technology Hamburg-Harburg, Germany Laurent Voisin Systerel, France Qing Wang Information Science Research Centre, New Zealand Virginie Wiels ONERA, France Kirsten Winter University of Queensland, Australia Organization IX Additional Reviewers Arcaini, Paolo Ladenberger, Lukas Attiogbe, Christian Leupolz, Johannes Barbosa, Haniel Macedo, Nuno Coleman, Joey Mammar, Amel Colvin, Robert Nalbandyan, Narek Couto, Lu´ıs Diogo Neron, Pierre Cunha, Alcino Pfa¨hler, Jo¨rg Ernst, Gidon Sandvik, Petter Esparza Isasa, Jos´e Antonio Senni, Valerio Fantechi, Alessandro Singh, Neeraj Gervais, Frederic Tarasyuk, Anton Herbreteau, Fr´ed´eric Tounsi, Mohamed Iliasov, Alexei Treharne, Helen Kossak, Felix Yaghoubi Shahir, Hamed Table of Contents The Landing Gear System Case Study.............................. 1 Fr´ed´eric Boniol and Virginie Wiels Aircraft Landing Gear System: Approaches with Event-B to the Modeling of an Industrial System .................................. 19 Wen Su and Jean-Raymond Abrial Modeling and Analyzing Using ASMs: The Landing Gear System Case Study .......................................................... 36 Paolo Arcaini, Angelo Gargantini, and Elvinia Riccobene Context-Aware Verification of a Landing Gear System ................ 52 Philippe Dhaussy and Ciprian Teodorov Validation of the ABZ Landing Gear System Using ProB ............. 66 Dominik Hansen, Lukas Ladenberger, Harald Wiegard, Jens Bendisposto, and Michael Leuschel Modeling a Landing Gear System in Event-B........................ 80 Amel Mammar and R´egine Laleau Offline Model-Based Testing and Runtime Monitoring of the Sensor Voting Module .................................................. 95 Paolo Arcaini, Angelo Gargantini, and Elvinia Riccobene Model-Checking Real-Time Properties of an Aircraft Landing Gear System Using Fiacre ............................................. 110 Bernard Berthomieu, Silvano Dal Zilio, and L(cid:2) ukasz Fronc The Landing Gear Case Study in Hybrid Event-B.................... 126 Richard Banach Landing Gear System: An ASM-Based Solution for the ABZ Case Study .......................................................... 142 Felix Kossak Co-simulation Environment for Rodin: Landing Gear Case Study ...... 148 Vitaly Savicks, Michael Butler, and John Colley
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