A Student's Guide to the History and Philosophy of Yoga, Revised Edition PDF
Preview A Student's Guide to the History and Philosophy of Yoga, Revised Edition
AAAAA SSSSStttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttííííísssss GGGGGuuuuuiiiiidddddeeeee tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee HHHHHiiiiissssstttttooooorrrrryyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd PPPPPhhhhhiiiiilllllooooosssssoooooppppphhhhhyyyyy ooooofffff YYYYYooooogggggaaaaa (((((RRRRReeeeevvvvviiiiissssseeeeeddddd EEEEEdddddiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn))))) AAAAA SSSSStttttuuuuudddddeeeeennnnntttttííííísssss GGGGGuuuuuiiiiidddddeeeee tttttooooo ttttthhhhheeeee HHHHHiiiiissssstttttooooorrrrryyyyy aaaaannnnnddddd PPPPPhhhhhiiiiilllllooooosssssoooooppppphhhhhyyyyy ooooofffff YYYYYooooogggggaaaaa (((((RRRRReeeeevvvvviiiiissssseeeeeddddd EEEEEdddddiiiiitttttiiiiiooooonnnnn))))) Peter Connolly Published by Equinox Publishing Ltd. UK: Office 415, The Workstation, 15 Paternoster Row, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 2BX USA: ISD, 70 Enterprise Drive, Bristol, CT 06010 www.equinoxpub.com First edition published in 2007 by Equinox Publishing Ltd. This revised edition published in 2014. © Peter Connolly 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13 978 1 84553 224 6 (hardback) 978 1 84553 236 9 (paperback) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Connolly, Peter, 1951- A student's guide to the history and philosophy of yoga / Peter Connolly. ñRevised edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84553-224-6 (hb)óISBN 978-1-84553-236-9 (pb) 1. YogañHistory. 2. Yoga. I. Title. B132.Y6C638 2014 181'.45--dc23 2013017539 Typeset by S.J.I. Services, New Delhi Printed and bound by Lightning Source Inc. (La Vergne, TN), Lighting Source UK Ltd. (Milton Keynes), Lightning Source AU Pty. (Scoresby,Victoria) ❧ CONTENTS Abbreviations vii Sanskrit Letters and their Pronunciation ix Preface x Introduction 1 1. Background to Yoga Philosophy 16 2. Yoga in the Texts of the Veda 22 3. The ›ramanic Traditions: Jainism and Buddhism 63 4. The Epics and the Bhagavad G∂tå 98 5. The Orthodox Philosophical Systems 125 6. Sectarian Developments: ›aivism, ›åktism and Tantra 180 7. Modern Yoga 213 8. Some Reflections on the Psychology of Yoga 229 9. Whither Modern Yoga in the West? 246 Appendix: Shifting Paradigms in Modern Yoga 288 Notes 293 Bibliography 314 Index 322 ❧ ABBREVIATIONS AU Aitareya Upani¶ad AV Atharvaveda BG Bhagavad G∂tµa BAU Bæhadµaraƒyaka Upani¶ad BSBh Brahmasµutra CU Chµandogya Upani¶ad HYP Ha¢ha Yoga Prad∂pikµa KU Ka¢ha Upani¶ad MaitriU Maitr∂ Upani¶ad Manu Mµanava Dharma ›µa‹tra MundU MuƒŒaka Upani¶ad RV °Rgveda SU ›vetµa‹vatara Upani¶ad TU Taittir∂ya Upani¶ad YS Yoga Sµutra ❧ SANSKRIT LETTERS AND THEIR PRONUNCIATION The following list gives Romanized versions of the letters in the Sanskrit alphabet. Examples of the letters in the actual devanagari script can be found at the front of Monier-Williamsí SanskritñEnglish Dictionary. The pronunciation examples are taken from this work. Letters are given in the order of the Sanskrit rather than the English alphabet. a ñ mica, rural, or as the ëuí in but ¤ ñ singe µa ñ tar, father ¢ ñ true i ñ fill, lily ¢h ñ anthill ∂ ñ police §d ñ drum u ñ full, bush §dh ñ redhaired µu ñ rude ƒ ñ none æ ñ merrily t ñ water æi ñ marine th ñ nut hook læ ñ revelry d ñ dice læi ñ revelree dh ñ adhere e ñ prey, there n ñ not, nut, in ai ñ aisle p ñ put, sip o ñ go, stone ph ñ uphill au ñ Haus (as German) b ñ bear, rub √ ñ pure nasal (anusvåra) bh ñ abhor ¨ ñ an aspirated sound (visarga) m ñ map, jam k ñ kill, seek y ñ yet, loyal kh ñ inkhorn r ñ red, year g ñ gun, get, dog l ñ lull, lead gh ñ loghut v ñ ivy ∆ ñ sing, king, sink ‹ ñ sure c ñ dolce (as in music), a ëchí sound ¶ ñ shun, bush ch ñ churchill s ñ saint, sin, hiss j ñ jet, jump h ñ hear, hit jh ñ hedgehog (hejhog) NOTE Sanskrit consonants have an ëaí sound built into them which is pro- nounced unless another vowel is attached or they are combined with another consonant. So when you recite the alphabet, the consonants go ëka, kha, ga, gha, naí, etc. Those consonants transliterated with a dot below them are pro- nounced with the tongue at the top of the mouth.
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