A revision of the Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Hadrotarsinae (Araneae: Theridiidae)

13 Pages·2002·2.2 MB·English

by  Hajime Yoshida

Acta Arachnologica, 51(1): 7-18, June 28, 2002
A revision of the Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Hadrotarsinae
(Araneae: Theridiidae)
Haj ime Yoshida
7-16, Kagota 2 Chome, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata, 990-2484 Japan
E-mail. [email protected] jp
Abstract - Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Hadrotarsinae Thorell 1881 (Araneae: Theridiidae) are re-
vised. The presence of specialized ventral setae of first tarsi, two pairs of seminal receptacles and a dorso-ventrally
flattened craw of female palpus characterize Hadrotarsinae. A key to the genera of Hadrotarsinae is given.
Nineteen species belonging to six genera of Hadrotarsinae are recorded from Japan. A new genus, Yaginumena, is
described. Two genera, Trigonobothrys Simon 1889 and Emertonella Bryant 1949, are resurrected, and a genus,
Lasaeola Simon 1881, is recorded from Japan for the first time. Twelve species are newly transferred from Dipoena
Thorell 1869 to those genera: Yaginumena castrata (Bosenberg & Strand 1906), Y mutilata (Bosenberg & Strand
1906), Y. maculosa (Yoshida & Ono 2000), Lasaeloa okinawana (Yoshida & Ono 2000), L. yoshidai (Ono 1991), L.
yona (Yoshida & Ono 2000), Trigonobothrys japonicus (Yoshida 1985), T. amamiensis (Yoshida 1985), T. martinae
(Roberts 1983), T. flavomarginatus (Bosenberg & Strand 1906), T. mustelinus (Simon 1889) and T. nigromaculatus
(Yoshida 1987); and a species from Euryopis Menge 1868: Emertonella taczanowskii (Keyserling 1886). A new spe-
cies, Dipoena nipponica, is described from Iriomote Is., the Nansei Islands. A species, Dipoena immaculata Zhu 1998
described from China, is newly synonymized with T. flavomarginatus, and a genus, Pselothorax Chamberlin 1948,
with Lasaeola.
Key words - Hadrodarsinae, Theridiidae, Japan, Yaginumena, Trigonobothrys, Emertonella, revision.
In Japan, only two genera, Dipoena and Euryopis, have
Introduction
been used under the subfamily Hadrotarsinae (Tanikawa
Thorell (1881) had established the spider family 2000). Fourteen species belonging to four species groups
Hadrotarsidae, but later Wunderlich (1978) synonymized (sulfurica, prong, lineatipes and nigra-groups) have been
Hadrotarsidae with Theridiidae. Forster et al. (1990) pro- recorded from Japan in the genus Dipoena s. lat. (Yoshida
posed the subfamily Hadrotarsinae for 11 genera (Dipoena & Ono 2000). In this paper, I treated one species of the
Thorell 1869, Euryopis Menge 1868, Anatea Berland 1927, sulfurica group as the genus Dipoena s. str., four of the
Aud f a Keyserling 1884, Dipoenata Wunderlich 1988, prona (hamata) group as Lasaeola, six of the lineatipes
Euryopena Wunderlich 1992, Gmogola Keyserling 1889, group as Trigonobothrys, and three of the nigra group as
Guaraniella Baert 1984, Hadrotarsus Thorell 1881, Yaginumena new genus. In addition to them, a new species
Lasaeola Simon 1881 and Yoroa Baert 1984) on the basis of of Dipoena is described from Iriomote Is., the Nansei
the presence of specialized ventral setae of first tarsi, two Islands. On the other hand, in the genus Euryopis s. lat. five
pairs of seminal receptacles, a dorso-ventrally flattened species are known from Japan (Yaginuma 1986; Yoshida
craw of female palpus and a series of ridged projections on 1992, 1997, 2000). One of them is newly transferred to
anterior spinnerets. All the members of Hadrotarsinae may Emertonella and three of them belong to Euryopis s. str.
be specialized as predators of ants. Remaining one, Euryopis iharai Yoshida 1992, is excluded
Wunderlich (1988) resurrected the genus Lasaeola that in this paper, because systematic position of it is uncertain.
had been synonymized with Dipoena. Lasaeola prona In summary, a total of 19 species belonging to six genera
(Menge 1868), which occurs also in Japan (Yoshida & Ono are recorded from Japan under the subfamily Hadrotarsinae.
2000) is the type species of this genus. In this paper, I resur- Specimens used in this paper are the same as those of
"additional record(s)" and "specimens examined" listed by
rect two genera, Trigonobothrys Simon 1889 and
Emertonella Bryant 1949, that have been synonymized each Yoshida & Ono (2000) and Yoshida (1992, 1997, 2000).
with Dipoena and Euryopis. In addition to them, a new Prefectural names are capitalized in the list of "additional
genus, Yaginumena, is described. Thus, the subfamily record(s)". Depositories of specimens excluding my private
Hadrotarsinae consists of a total of 14 genera. collection are given in abbreviations: ASJ, Arachnological
8 H. Yoshida
Society of Japan, Otemon Gakuin University, Osaka;
BMNH, Museum of Natural History, London, England; Taxonomy
CMM, private collection of Mayumi Matsuda, Hokkaido;
HEC, Hebei Educational College, Shijiazhuang, China; Subfamily Hadrotarsinae Thorell 1881
HUW, Laboratory of Pest Natural Enemies, Department of [Japanese name: Mijingumo aka]
Biology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China; IRRI,
International Rice Research Institution, Manila, the Hadrotarsinae Thorell 1881, p. 190 (established as a family);
Philippines; KUT, Kyungpook University, Taegu, Korea; Simon 1893, p. 305; Petrunkevitch 1928, p. 36; Hickman
MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Massachusetts, 1942, p. 148; Baert 1984 a, p. 608; Baert 1984 b, p. 229.
USA; NHMS, Natural History Museum, Stockholm, Hadrotarsinae: Forster et al. 1990, p. 111.
Sweden; NSMT, National Science Museum, Tokyo; Euryopeae Simon 1894, p. 524 (established as a genus group);
Wiehle 1937, p. 131.
OMNH, Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka; PAS,
Dipoeneae Simon 1894, p. 564 (established as a genus group);
Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland; SMF,
Wiehle 1937, p. 180.
Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Figs. l-6. Yaginumena mutilata (Bosenberg & Strand 1906), from Higashine-shi, Yamagata Pref. (1), Y maculosa (Yoshida
& Ono 2000), ' from Nagoya-shi, Aichi Pref. (2), Lasaeola prona (Menge 1868), from Osaka-shi, Osaka Pref. (3-5) and
Trigonobothrys amamiensis (Yoshida 1985), ' from Shingu-mura, Ehime Pref. (6), left palpus-l, expanded, prolateral view;
2, ventral view; 3-4, 6, bulb expanded (cymbium excluded), prolateral (3), retrolateral (4) and dorsal (6) view; 5, cymbium, ven-
tral view. Scales: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; T, tegulum; TA, tegular apophysis;
S, subtegulum; CY, cymbium; P, paracymbium.
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 ©Arachnological Society of Japan
Japanese genera and species of Hadrotarsinae 9
Diagnosis. This subfamily is easily distinguished from the black and white coloration of abdomen, and from Lasaeola
other subfamilies of Theridiidae by having specialized ven- and Trigonobothrys by having non-cylindrical carapace
tral setae of first tarsi, two pairs of seminal receptacles and without various thoracic groove in males. This genus is eas-
a dorso-ventrally flattened craw of female palpus. ily distinguished from Euryopis and Emertonella by the
Notes. Fourteen genera of the family Theridiidae belong presence of colulus with two setae. Only the species of D.
to this subfamily. Six of them, Dipoena Thorell 1869, sulfurica group belong to this genus.
Yaginumena new genus, Lasaeola Simon 1881, Description. Superficial appearance is similar to that of
Trigonobothr ys Simon 1889, Euryopis Menge 1868 and other genera of Hadrotarsinae. Carapace oval, head region
Emertonella Bryant 1949, are confirmed in Japan. This sub- high (Figs. 8, 15). Abdomen oval with distinct black and
family can be treated as a family, but I follow Forster et al. white flecks (Figs. 7, 14). Two seminal receptacles connect-
ing with sclerotized duct (Fig. 11). Male palpus with free
(1990) in this paper.
Type genus. Hadrotarsus Thorell 1881. median apophysis (Figs. 12-13, 18-20).
Type species. Atea melanogaster C. L. Koch 1837
Key to the Japanese genera of the subfamily Hadrotarsinae
Dipoena nipponica new species
1 Colulus small with two setae; male carapace high, with [Japanese name: Tanikawa-mijingumo]
various cervical grooves •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2 (Figs. 7-13)
Colulus absent; male carapace not so high, without dis-
tinct cervical grooves 5 Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished from the
2 Abdomen with distinct black and white flecks other species of the genus Dipoena by having 1) thin, long
.......................................Dipoena Thorell 1869 and anticlockwise embolus of male palpus (left), 2) thick
Abdomen without distinct black and white flecks •••3 and long conductor of male palpus, and 3) the duct of fe-
3 larg Male carapace ewith high male head region, without internal genitalia forming a dorsally thick circle.
cervical grooves; conductor conjugated with tegulum Description. Carapace oval, head region projecting;
•••••••••••••••••••••Yaginumena new genus fovea longitudinal (Figs. 7-8). Abdomen globular. Female
Male carapace cylindrical and high, with various cervi- palpal claw dorso-ventrally flattened (Fig. 9). Anterior me-
cal grooves; conductor separated from tegulum ......4 dian eyes largest.
4 Cylinder of male carapace not so large; tegular Female genitalia as shown in Figs. 10-11: epigynum with
apophysis, conductor and embolus larger and relatively an antero-median projection; duct thick and long, forming a
complex; median apophysis present ••••••••••••••••••••• dorsally large circle; seminal receptacles two pairs.
•••••••••••••••••••••••Lasaeola Simon 1881 Male palpus as shown in Figs. 12-13: large concavity
Cylinder of male carapace large and high; tegular present between conductor and tegular apophysis; embolus
apophysis, conductor and embolus small and simple; thin and long, anticlockwise (left palpus); base of embolus
median apophysis absent with median apophysis; conductor thick and long; tegular
••••••••••••••••Trigonobothrys Simon 1889 apophysis projecting distally.
5 Carapace with high head region; abdomen blackish Coloration. Carapace brown, marginally with dusky wide
brown with large silver flecks; cymbium of male flecks. Legs and palpi brown with black flecks. Chelicerae,
palpus without projection • • •Emertonella Bryant 1949 maxillae and labium grayish brown. Abdomen brown with
Carapace without high head region; abdomen blackish many distinct black flecks and white pigments; venter with
brown to black with white or yellow flecks; cymbium large black flecks between spinnerets and epigynum, and
of male palpus with a distal projection .................. anterior part of epigastric furrow.
Euryopis Menge 1868 Measurements (in mm. - allotype/~ holotype). Body
length 1.92/1.71. Carapace length 0.76/0.82; width
Dipoena Thorell 1869 s. str. 0.71/0.71; height 0.7610.79. Abdomen length 1.1310.89;
[Japanese name: Mijingumo zoku] width 1.26/1.03; height 1.18/0.92. First leg: femur
0.74/0.79; patella and tibia 0.7610.87; metatarsus 0.45/0.50;
Dipoena Thorell 1869, p. 91. tarsus 0.32/0.34. Second patella and tibia 0.66/0.74; third
Dipoena s. lat.: Simon 1894, p. 567; Wiehle 1937, p. 180; Saito patella and tibia 0.55/0.53; fourth patella and tibia
1941, p. 160; Levi 1953, p. 3; Yaginuma 1960, p. 39; Levi & 0.71/0.71. Diameters: anterior median eye 0.12/0.12; ante-
Levi 1962, p. 40; Levi 1963, p. 136; Yaginuma 1968, p. 34; rior lateral eye 0.05/0.05; posterior median eye 0.09/0.08;
Yaginuma 1986, p. 42; Wunderlich 1987, p. 210; Zhu 1998, posterior lateral eye 0.08/0.08. Distances: between anterior
p. 224; Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 127. median eyes 0.07/0.08; between anterior median and lateral
eyes 0.03/0.03; between posterior median eyes 0.04/0.05;
Diagnosis. This genus resembles related genera of the between posterior median and lateral eyes 0.08/0.08.
subfamily Hadrotarsinae, but is distinguished from Median ocular area, anterior width 0.28/0.29; posterior
Yaginumena by having small tegulum of male palpus, and width 0.2210.22; length 0.22/0.22.
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 ©Arachnological Society of Japan
H. Yoshida
10
Figs. lateral 713• --view; Dipoena 9, craw of nipponrca female left new palpus, species, dorsal -~ allotYPe view; 10 and e ~ ig holotype-7, Scales: num, ventral 0.5 mm male view; (7- carapace 1 1 , female and abdomen, internal genitalia, dorsal view; dorsal 81 vie male, w view;
8) and 0.1 mm (9-13}.
12-13, male left palpus, ventral (12) and retrolateral (13) view.
Variation. Body length, 1.8 -1.9 mm in female, 1.6 -1.7 Dipoena punctisparsa Yaginuma 1967
mm in male. 11 -VIII-1985 (NSMT-Ar [Japanese name: Shimofuri-mijingumo]
Type series. Holotype: ' , Sonai, (Figs. 14-20)
5190)AllotYpe: ~, Komi, 6-VIII-1987, (NSMT-Ar 5191).
ParatYpes: 1 ', 5-I-1992, l~, 14-VIII-1992, Sonai, (NSMT-Ar Dipoena punctisparsa Yaginuma 1967, p. 97, fig. 3fh
5192-5193), ' 1 ~, Shirahama, 25-VIII-1988, (NSMT-Ar 5194); 1
( holotYPe: from Nillima Island, the Izu Islands, Tokyo o
, Funaura, 3-1-1986, (NSMT-Ar 5195). All collected by A. ~ prefecture, Japan, 2-VI-1967, M. Ohno leg., in ASJ; examin-
Tanikawa on Iriomote Is., Okinawa Pref., Japan. ed)-Yaginuma 1968, p. 129, text-fig. 107; Yaginuma 1986,
Distribution. Japan: Iriomote Is. of the Yaeyama Islands
p. 42, text-fig. 23-4; Chikuni 1989, p. 36, fig. 31; Yoshida &
southernmost islands of the Nansei Islands). Ono 2000, p. 149.
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 OArachnological Society of Japan
Japanese genera and species of Hadrotarsinae 11
v
Figs. 14-20. Dipoena punctisparsa Yaginuma 1967, ~~ from Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa Pref.-14, female carapace and abdo-
men, dorsal view; 15, male carapace, lateral view; 16, epigynum, ventral view; 17, female internal genitalia, dorsal view; 18-
20, male left palpus, prolateral (18), ventral (19) and retrolateral (20) view. Scales: 0.5 mm (14-15) and 0.1 mm (16-20).
Additional record. HOKKAIDO: 2~, Mt. Esashigyu, (Figs. 18-20).
Kamikawa-cho, 1-VIII-1984, N. Yasuda leg.
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu. Yaginumena new genus
Korea. [Japanese name: Yaginuma-mijingumo zoku]
Notes. Epigynum with V-shaped depression (Fig. 16);
seminal receptacles two pairs and circular (Fig. 17). Diagnosis. This genus resembles Dipoena, but is distin-
Tegulum of male palpus ventrally with a large projection guished from the latter by having dark abdomen, large
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 ©Arachnological Society of Japan
12 H. Yoshida
Figs. 21-24. Yaginumena castrata (Bosenberg & Strand 1906), ~~ from Mogami-machi, Yamagata Pref.-21, epigynum, ven-
tral view; 22, female internal genitalia, dorsal view; 23-24, male left palpus, ventral (23) and dorsal (24, expanded and cymbium
excluded) view. Scales: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; T, tegulum; TA, tegular
apophysis; S, subtegulum.
tegulum and small embolus of male palpus, and large
& Ono 2000, p. 143, figs. 31-32.
sclerotized plate of epigynum.
Dipoena uniforma Bosenberg & Strand 1906, p. 151, pl. 12, fig.
Description. Carapace oval with high head region with-
285 (syntypes: 1 and 1 juvenile from Kompira, Saga, Japan,
out distinct fovea. Abdomen oval and usually dark color W. Donitz leg., SMF 3075; not examined)-Saito 1941, p.
without distinct light flecks. Epigynum with a sclerotized 163, fig. 186.
oval plate that has two openings (Figs. 21-22). Tegulum of
male palpus large with a thick and long internal duct;
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and
tegular apophysis, median apophysis, embolus and conduc-
Kyushu. Korea and China.
tor small; conductor conjugated with tegulum (Figs. 1-2,
23-24). Yaginumena mutilata (Bosenberg & Strand 1906)
Notes. All the species of the D. nigra group designated new combination
by Levi (1953) belong to this genus.
[Japanese name: Ko-akakuro-mijingumo]
Etymology. The generic name is dedicated to the late Dr.
(Fig. 1)
Takeo Yaginuma, Osaka, and is a feminine in gender.
Type species. Dipoena castrata Bosenberg & Strand Dipoena mutilata Bosenberg & Strand 1906, p. 150, pl. 12, fig.
1906. 275 (holotype: from Japan, W. Donitz leg., SMF 3073;
examined)-Saito 1941, p. 163, fig. 185; Yoshida & Ono
Yaginumena castrata (Bosenberg & Strand 1906) 2000, p. 139, figs. 21-30.
new combination Dipoena longisternum Bosenberg & Strand 1906, p. 152, pl. 10,
[Japanese name: Bokashi-mijingumo] fig. 189 (holotype: - from Kompira, Saga, Japan, W. Donitz
(Figs. 21-24) leg., SMF 3005; examined)-Saito 1941, p. 162, fig. 184.
Dipoena castrata Bosenberg & Strand 1906, p. 149, pl. 5, fig. Additional record. HOKKAIDO: 1 ~, Okushiri Is., 28-VII-
50, pl. 12, figs. 246-247 (syntypes: 1?- and 4 juveniles from 1964, M. Ohno leg. (OMNH).
Saga, Japan, the middle of June, W. Donitz leg., SMF 3069; Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu.
not examined)-Saito 1941, p. 161, fig. 182; Yaginuma 1960, Korea.
p. 39, pl. 11, fig. 67, text-fig. 39; Yaginuma 1968, p. 39, pl.
11, fig. 67, text-fig. 39; Yaginuma 1986, p. 42, pl. 10, fig. 1,
text-fig. 23-1; Chikuni 1989, p. 36, fig. 30; Zhu 1998, p. 248,
fig. 164; Song et al. 1999, p. 110, fig. 53 I-J, N-0; Yoshida
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 ©Arachnological Society of Japan
Japanese genera and species of Hadrotarsinae 13
Lasaeola prona: Simon 1881, p. 145.
Yaginumena maculosa (Yoshida & Ono 2000) Dipoena prona: Wiehle 1937, p. 186, figs. 184-185; Levi 1963,
new combination p. 145; Roberts 1985, p. 176, pl. 105 b, text-fig. 78b; Yoshida
[Japanese name: Madara-mijingumo] & Ono 2000, p. 149, figs. 40-47.
Dipoena hamata Tullgren 1949, p. 50, figs. 10-11 (holotype: '
(Fig. 2)
from St. Kalso, Sweden, in NHMS; not examined)-Levi
1953, p. 30, figs. 50-59, 105-106.
Dipoena maculosa Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 147, figs. 37-39
(holotype: ' from Numa, Tamano-shi, Okayama Prefecture,
Additional record. OSAKA: 2~l ~, riverside of Yodogawa,
Japan, 1-VII-1997, K. Nojima leg., NSMT-Ar 4506; exam-
ined). Toyosato, Higashi-yodogawa-ku, Osaka-shi, 13-VII-2000, K.
Nojima leg.
Additional record. AICHI: 1 ~, Otaka-ryokuchi Park, Midori- Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Aichi and Osaka
ku, Nagoya-shi, 27-V-2001, K. Ogata leg. Prefectures). Europe and North America.
Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Aichi and Okayama Notes. Though Theridion triste Hahn 1833 is recorded as
Prefectures). the type species of this genus by Platnick (2001), this spe-
Notes. Male palpus of the holotype is expanded (Yoshida cies is the type species of Pachydactylus Menge 1868.
& Ono 2000, figs. 38-39), but that of a specimen collected
from Nagoya-shi, Aichi Pref., is not expanded (Fig. 2). Lasaeloa okinawana (Yoshida & Ono 2000)
new combination
Lasaeola Simon 1881 [Japanese name: Okinawa-mijingumo]
[Japanese name: Aichi-mijingumo zoku]
Dipoena amamiensis (in part): Yoshida 1991, p. 35, figs. 5-6;
Zhu 1998, p. 242, fig. 159-B, E.
Pachydactylus Menge 1868, p. 176 (homonym of Pachydactylus
Dipoena okinawana Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 146, figs. 33-36
Wiegmann 1834).
Lasaeola Simon 1881, p. 136; Wunderlich 1988, p. 148. (holotype: from Mt. Banna-lake, Ishigaki jima Island,
Pselothorax Chamberlin 1948, p. 541. New Synonymy Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 11-VII-1976, H. Yoshida leg.,
NSMT-Ar 4504; examined).
Diagnosis. This genus is similar to Dipoena, Yaginumena
Distribution. Japan: Nansei Islands (Okinawa and
and Trigonobothrys in general appearance, but is distin-
Ishigaki Islands).
guished from Dipoena by high male carapace and dusky
Notes. Yoshida & Ono (2000) made this species belong
coloration of abdomen, from Yaginumena by high male
to the D. nigra group (in this paper, the genus Yaginumena).
carapace and large conductor and embolus, and from
However, I consider this species should be treated under
Trigonobothrys by the presence of median apophysis, and
Lasaeloa on the basis of the characteristics of male palpus.
complicated and projecting tegular apophysis of male
palpus.
Lasaeola yoshidai (Ono 1991) new combination
Description. Carapace oval with head region high, some-
times cylindrical and specialized in male. Eyes almost [Japanese name: Yoshida-mijingumo]
equal. Tegular apophysis of male palpus complicated and
Dipoena yoshidai Ono, in Ono et al. 1991, p. 91, figs. 2-8
projecting; tegulum relatively small; embolus and conductor
large; paracymbium hooked (Figs. 3-5). Epigynum with a (holotype: ' from Koetoi, 20 m alt., Wakkanai-shi, Hokkaido,
Japan, 10-VII-1990, H. Ono leg., NSMT-Ar 2098; examined)-
distinct depression.
Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 152, figs. 48-53.
Notes. This genus had been synonymized with Dipoena,
but Wunderlich (1988) resurrected it as an independent
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido and Honshu.
genus. Ivie (1967) synonymized Pselothorax Chamberlin
1948 (type species from North America) with Dipoena, but
Lasaeola yona (Yoshida & Ono 2000) new combination
I newly synonymize it with this genus. All the species of the
[Japanese name: Yona-mijingumo]
D. prona group designated by Levi (1953) belong to this
genus.
Dipoena yona Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 153, figs. 54-56
Type species. Pachydactylus ponus Menge 1868.
(holotype: ' from Experiment Forest of the University of the
Ryukyus, Yona, Okinawa jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture,
Lasaeola prona (Menge 1868)
Japan, 28-III-1997, A. Tanikawa leg., NSMT-Ar 4509; exam-
[Japanese name: Aichi-mijingumo] ined).
(Figs. 3-5)
Distribution. Japan: Nansei Islands (Okinawa Is.).
Pachydactylus ponus Menge 1868, p. 177 (holotype: - from
Weichselmunde forest near Gdansk, Poland; not examined).
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 OArachnological Society of Japan
14 H. Yoshida
Osaka, Okayama and Hiroshima Prefectures), Shikoku
Trigonobothrys Simon 1889 (Ehime Pref.) and the Nansei Islands (Amami-oshima Is.).
[Japanese name: Tsutsu-mijingumo zoku] Korea and China.
Trigonobothrys Simon 1889a, p. 230. Trigonobothrys martinae (Roberts 1983)
new combination
Diagnosis. This genus resembles Lasaeola, but is distin- [Japanese name: Hoshi-mijingumo]
guishable from it by having male palpus with small embolus
and conductor and without median apophysis, and Dipoena martinae Roberts 1983, p. 227, figs. 32-35 (holotype:
epigynum with a small scapus. from Grande Terre, Wilson's Well, Aldabra, western Indian
Description. Carapace oval with high head region in fe- Ocean, 9-III-1974, in BMNH; not examined)-Zhu 1998, p.
male, wholly high and cylindrical with a wide and deep cer- 236, fig. 154; Song et al. 1999, p. 112, fig. 55C-D, K-L;
vical groove (Fig. 25). Abdomen usually sclerotized in both Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 132, figs. 11-16.
sexes, with a dorsal scutum in male. Epigynum with a small Dipoena japonica (in part): Yoshida 1991, p. 10, fig. 2.
scapus (Figs. 26-27). Embolus and conductor of male Dipoena decamaculata Chen et al. 1992, p. 270, figs. 1-5
(holotype: ' from Xiushui County, Jiangxi Province, China,
palpus small; median apophysis absent (Figs. 6, 28).
10-IX-1991, in HUW; not examined).
Notes. This genus has been synonymized with Dipoena,
Dipoena coreana Paik 1995b, p. 32, figs. 1-6 (holotype: from
but I resurrect it as a distinct genus. All the species of the D.
Jinjoo, Kyungnam, Korea, 13-VIII-1981, B. K. Seo leg, in
lineatipes group designated by Levi (1953) belong to this
KUT; not examined).
genus. Dipoena ruedai Barrion & Litsinger 1995, p. 454, fig. 274
Type species. Trigonobothrys excisus Simon 1889.
(holotype: a from Magasaysay Village, Siniloan, Laguna
Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, 12-XII-1984, AT.
Trigonobothrys japonicus (Yoshida 1985) Barrion leg., in IRRI; not examined).
new combination
[Japanese name: Yamato-mijingumo] Distribution. Japan: Nansei Islands (Iriomote Is.). Korea,
China, the Philippines and the Aldabra Islands (West Indian
Pholcomma japonicum Yoshida 1985, p. 10, figs. 3, 8-11 Sea).
(holotype: from Keishin-no-taki, the foot of Mt.
Nishikoma-lake, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, 9-VIII-1974, Y. Trigonobothrys flavomarginatus
Chikuni leg., in ASJ; examined)-Chikuni 1989, p. 31, fig. 9.
(Bosenberg & Strand 1906) new combination
Dipoena japonica (in part): Yoshida 1991, p. 33.
[Japanese name: Kiberi-mijingumo]
Dipoena japonica: Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 128, figs. 1-6.
(Figs. 25-28)
Dipoena kayaensis Paik 1996, p. 42, figs. 1-14 (holotype:
from Mt. Kayasan, Hein-sa, Korea, l0-VII-1974, K. Y. Paik
Dipoena flavomarginata Bosenberg & Strand 1906 p. 151, pl.
leg., in KUT; not examined).
12, fig. 297 (syntypes: from Saga, Japan, in SMF; not
examined)-Saito 1941, p. 162, fig. 183; Ohno & Yaginuma
Additional record. MIE: 1 ~, Kiho-cho, 22-V-1971, K. 1968, p. 27, fig. 2; Yaginuma 1986, p. 42, pl. 10, fig. 23-2,
Kaihotsu leg. (OMNH).
text-fig. 23-2; Chikuni 1989, p. 36, fig. 33; Zhu 1998, p. 231,
Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Nagano, Aichi, Mie and fig. 150; Song et al. 1999, p. 110, fig. 53K-L, P; Yoshida &
Okayama Prefectures). Korea.
Ono 2000, p. 136, figs. 18-20.
Dipoena immaculata Zhu 1998, p. 251, fig. 167 (holotype: '
Trigonobothrys amamiensis (Yoshida 1985) from Xuanen County, Hubei Province, China, 26-V-1989, M.
new combination Zhu leg., in HEC; not examined). New synonymy.
[Japanese name: Amami-mijingumo]
(Fig. 6) Distribution. Japan: Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu.
China.
Pholcomma amamiense Yoshida 1985, p. 11, figs. 4-5, 11-12 Notes. I newly synonymize Dipoena immaculata Zhu
(holotype: from Naze, Amami-oshima Island, Kagoshima 1998 described from China with T. flavomarginatus (Bose
Prefecture, Japan, 27-III-1978, H. Yoshida leg., in ASJ; ex- nberg & Strand 1906) described from Japan, because figures
amined). of D. immaculata coincide with those of T, flavomarginatus
Dipoena japonica (in part): Yoshida 1991, p. 33, figs. 1, 3-4.
(Figs. 25-28).
Dipoena amamiensis (in part): Yoshida 1991, p. 35.
Dipoena amamiensis: Paik 1995 b, p. 33, figs. 7-12; Yoshida &
Trigonobothrys mustelinus (Simon 1889)
Ono 2000, p. 130, figs. 7-10.
new combination
Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Tokyo, Shizuoka, Aichi, [Japanese name: Kani-mijingumo]
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 OArachnological Society of Japan
Japanese genera and species of Hadrotarsinae 15
Figs. 25-28. Trigonobothrys flavomarginatus (Bosenberg & Strand 1906), ~~ from Yamagata-shi, Yamagata Pref.-25, male
carapace, dorsal view; 26, epigynum, ventral view; 27, female internal genitalia, dorsal view; 28, male left palpus, ventral view.
Scales: 0.5 mm (25) and 0.1 mm (26-28).
Euryopis mustelina Simon 1889b, p. 251 (holotype: - from 25-VII-2001, Y. Ihara leg.; 1-, Kumura-Nenbutsuden, Izumo-
Yokohama, Japan, A. Mellottee leg., in MNHN; not examin shi, 27-VII-2001, Y. Ihara leg.
ed)-Bosenberg & Strand 1906, p. 137, pl. 5, fig. 2, pl. 12, Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Okayama and Shimane
fig. 276; Saito 1941, p. 177, fig. 302; Yaginuma 1960, p. 34, Prefectures) and the Nansei Islands (Iriomote Is.). China
pl. 7, fig. 42. (Taiwan).
Dipoena mustelina: Yaginuma 1967, p. 88, fig. la-c; Yaginuma
1968, p. 34, pl. 7, fig. 42; Yaginuma 1986, p. 42, pl. 10, fig. Euryopis Menge 1868 s. str.
3, text-fig. 23-3; Chikuni 1989, p. 36, fig. 32; Zhu 1998, p.
[Japanese name: Hiratahimegumo zoku]
240, fig. 157; Song et al. 1999, p. 112, fig. 55E-F, M;
Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 135, figs. 17.
Euryopis Menge 1868, p. 174.
Euryopis s. lat.: Simon 1894, p. 528; Wiehle 1937, p. 131;
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku,
Locket & Millidge 1953, p. 44; Levi 1954, p. 3; Saito 1941,
Kyushu and the Nansei Islands. Korea, China and
p. 177; Archer 1950, p. 13; Yaginuma 1960, p. 34; Levi &
Indonesia.
Levi 1962, p. 39; Levi 1963, p. 126; Yaginuma 1986, p. 44;
Wunderlich 1987, p. 209; Zhu 1998, p. 33.
Trigonobothrys nigromaculatus (Yoshida 1987)
new combination Description. Carapace oval, not so high (Fig. 29).
[Japanese name: Kurohoshi-mijingumo] Abdomen flattened and dark color, usually with pale and sil-
ver flecks (Fig. 29). Median apophysis of male palpus ab-
Pholcomma nigromaculatum Yoshida 1987, p. 29, figs. 1-4 sent; tegular apophysis attached to tegulum; cymbium with
(holotype: from Shuishe, Nantow County, Taiwan, 29-III- distal projection (Fig. 30). Epigynum usually with a depres-
1979, H. Yoshida leg., NSMT-Ar 1871; examined). sion. Colulus absent.
Dipoena nigromaculata: Zhu 1998, p. 227, fig. 147; Song et al.
Notes. Euryopis iharai Yoshida 1992 is excluded in this
1999, p. 112, fig. 55G-H, N; Yoshida & Ono 2000, p. 134.
paper, because the characteristics of this species are differ-
ent from those of this genus. To which genus "Euryopis"
Additional records. OKAYAMA: Kamogawa-cho, 4-
iharai should be designated is uncertain. A generic revision
V-1997, K. Nojima leg. SHIMANE: 1 ~, Iwatsubo, Izumo-shi,
of it will be made elsewhere in the near future.
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 OArachnological Society of Japan
16 H. Yoshida
Type species. Micryphantes flavomaculata C. L. Koch
1836. Euryopis octomaculata (Paik 1995)
[Japanese name: Yahoshi-hiratahimegumo]
Euryopis flavomaculata (C. L. Koch 1836)
[Japanese name: Kimadara-hiratahimegumo] Steatoda octomaculata Paik 1995 a, p. 7, figs. 8-13 (holotype:
(Figs. 29-30) from Nari-long, Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook, Korea, 26-
VII-19g6, J. M. Kang leg., in KUT; not examined).
Micryphantes flavomaculata C. L. Koch 1836, p. 67, pl. 95, fig. Euryopis octomaculata: Yoshida 1997, p. 111, figs. 1-5.
220 (holotype: - from Regensburg, Germany; not examined).
Euryopis flavomaculata: Wiehle 1937, p. 132, figs. 14-19; Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Okayama Pref.). Korea
Locket & Millidge 1953, p. 44, fig. 30; Levi 1954, p. 7, figs. (Ulleung-do Is.).
1, 8-10; Roberts 1985, p. 174, pl. 104, text-fig. 77d;
Yaginuma 1986, p. 44; Zhu 1998, p. 39, fig. 18; Song et al. Euryopis nigra Yoshida 2000
1999, p. 123, fig. 63E-F.
[Japanese name: Kuro-hiratahimegumo]
Additional records. HOKKAIDO: 1 ~, north shore of Euryopis nigra Yoshida 2000, p. 133, figs. 1-5 (holotype:
Nagafushi Lake, Toyokoro-cho, 27-VI-1I-VII-1993, K. Shibata from Kawabuchi, Shingu Dam, Shingu-mura, Uma-gun,
leg. (CMM); 1 ~, east shore of Nagafushi Lake, l 124-VII-1993, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, 2-VIII-1994, Y. Ihara leg., NSMT-
K. Shibata leg. (CMM). Ar 4520; examined).
Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido and Honshu. Europe,
Russia and China. Distribution. Japan: Honshu (Hiroshima Pref.), Shikoku
(Ehime Pref.) and the Nansei Islands (Amami-oshima Is.).
w
Figs. 29-30. Euryopis flavomaculata (C. L. Koch 1836), ' from Toyokoro-cho, Hokkaido-29, carapace and abdomen, dorsal
view; 30, left palpus, ventral view. Scales: 0.5 mm (29) and 0.1 mm (30).
Acta Arachnologica, 51(1), June 2002 OArachnological Society of Japan