A RE-EVALUATION OF CAREX SPECUICOLA AND THE CAREX PARRYANA COMPLEX (CYPERACEAE)

2013·8.8 MB·English

by  A A Reznicek

AND THE
OF CAREX SPECUICOLA
A RE-EVALUATION
COMPLEX (CYPERACEAE)
CAREXPARRYANA
Murray
AAReznicek D.F.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION
taxonomic difficulty.Adding to this dif^
beenasource of
Dewey have always
Carexparr^ana
Plants referred to
and
uncommon or Carex parryana its
rare.
widespread, are
though some species are all
even
ficulty is that,
have
inflorescences that
having ±elongated
members Racemosae in
from other of section
close relatives differ
com-
mm not unispicate),
spikes
or ascending lateral (if
4-6 erect
narrow 8 wide), cylindrical,
relatively (2
mm Mackenzie recog
(1935)
and
C. utahensis).
long (-3.9 in C. specuicola
perigynia 1.7-3.3
bined with small
and par
idahoa L.H. Bailey, C.
E. Jones, C. halln Olney, C.
complex, C. aborigii
nized four species in this
consisting of di
species
parryana variable
Murray recognized C.
ryana. (1969) ;
Murray, par
C.
(Olney) D.F.
parryana subsp. halln
nd them subspecies; C.
treated as
obon^num,
He
parryana. did not treat C.
and parryana subsp.
Murray
C.
D.F.
ryana subsp. idahoa (L.H. Bailey)
q-K
and
parryana a
Mackenzie (1935) was close to C.
described in
‘Carex olwriginum- as
realizing lhat
much perig^m (4.W5-
M
endemic with larger
which a local Idaho
than nboriginum E. Jones, is
ent plane C.
Hermann recognized C. hath,
mm W. Boon (Murray 2002). (1970)
sermtodens
6.6 long very similar to C.
described in
“Carex aboriginum” as
noted that
M.E. Jones as spe<
and aboriginum It
idahoa, C. parryana, C.
He treatedCnborynum of
ME. typ^Mype.
from
Jones’s
Maekenzie(19M)i; -completely different-
C
C.
Herm. Murray (2002) treated C. tdahoa. linlln.
ME. patrynnn brevisrparma FJ.
not Jones, as C. var.
zie,
was
not
aboriginum- C.
and noted that Mackenzie s “C.
also
and ohoriginum as species,
parryana. C.
Goodnch (m Welsh 2003)
et
al.
M Finally,
parryana brevisrfuoma.
recognize C. var.
but did not
of E. Jones, m
An.
northern
hanging gardens
an endemic of
by Howell (1949) as
described
concluded that C. specuicola,
parryana in Utah.
and recognized only C.
parryana,
within
belonged C.
zona, also
^ ,
pa^ana compt, a,there has fortu-
Carex
within the range of the
activity
decade of floristic
in the last me
w^
C
many new speamens. This especially lor
a great
generate
been enough collecting to
nately
Murray 2W2).
North America,
when was flora of
treated for
which lew specimens existed it
specuLla,
for
we
and
new popuUuons,
number
of
discovered a
(«e Roth 2004)
Nation
Navajo
working with the
Botanists
38
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
7(1)
now We
have an excellent series of specimens to study. reviewed these new collections with several questions
in mind. specukola a good
Is C. species? Is recognition of C. hallii, C. idahoa, and C. parryana as species sup-
ported by
additional collections? Finally what is the identity of “Carex aborigimm” of Mackenzie (1935) not
M.E. Jones (= C. parryana var. brevisquama FJ. Herm.), and is it a good species? We also provide illustrations of
Plants referred to Carex parryana divide into two clear groups based on morphology and One
geography.
group, including
C. specukola, has much
strongly
flattened perigynia than and
larger loosely over the
fitting
achenes, an admixture
of and
2-styled 3-styled and
flowers, is essentially confined to Utah and Arizona. The
other group, including
C. hallii, C. idahoa, C. parryana, and “C. aboriginum” of Mackenzie not M.E. with
Jones,
pengyma
the
tightly enveloping
the achene and
entirely 3-styled
flowers, is widespread, occurring from On-
tario to Alaska, but south
only
to Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and
California.
The
former
group, with
loosely
fitting perigynia andamixof2-styledand3-styled
two
flowers consists of
One
species.
is the lax hanging
garden endemic
Carex
specukola with
pale perigynia. In we
addition, recognize
anes^ntiallyalloF^tric and
more
widespread
species fromadiversity
of wetland
habitats that isusually
stiffly
upright,
wnhclearlypurple-tintedperigynia,
which
wedescribeasCut^^^^^^
In the latter group, with pe-
ngyma
tightly enveloping
the achenes, the
plants erroneously
MackenL
referred to Carex aboriginum by
mm
i^wKlest
We
4-6.8
wuie.
recognize
this taxonatspecies rank and
dcscribeithemnasC.l.olmgrento™m
“
“
mm ">“>
O
n.rt r “ 3.6
3
’ ' remaining Cara
species of the parryana complex
as recognized
Murrav Qonil
in
W^rl""”"^^^^^^^
bestabuZhthe
I
mm
spiL relatively broad, 3-5.5
C wide
eral of LlJii anH Lat-
clrrhlfliUndr
and
C. parryana show
great
variability in
inflorescence k
size
number,
^P^^e and.2
,
ity. Nevertheless, most culms spike sexual-
of Carex k k
hallii iftyqftnf
lon^tlatem, C.pnr,,nm.,ttZr::^~W^
spike, in
“
X
“I”-
ofient mfiTsTZo
-
'rm
f
heightrrZ^ofZlXXtmfcZ
L
Whi
and
C. parryana do
^^ows
not otZmfZ
represent that C.
emis
X parryana
group
2 3 4 5 6
number
Spike
C
Fk;. 1. Distribution of spike numbers in Carexhallii and parryana.
Achenes nnm
0.8-1 wide;
.2 lateral
Spikes (2-)3^-6), the
5.
1
times as long as the longest
mm
Loosely cespitose to slightly colonial from slender, ±elongate rhizomes 0.9-2.3 wide, rhizomes ca. 0.5-7
cm
long between shoots, rhizome scales pale brown, rapidly disintegrating into fibers; culms (7.5-)19-70(-
diately below the inflorescence; phyllopodic, cataphylls and basal sheaths pale to dark brown, youngest some-
mm
cm
times tinged reddish-purple. Leaves 5-11, essentially basal; blades 1.8-38 long, 0.8-3.3(-4.5) wide.

1 5
!
group
parryana
Systematia of the Carex
and Murray,
Reznicek
mm in cross section; the convex sides elliptic
nattened-trigonous
or occasionally
lenticular
0.2-0.45 long,
stipe
brown, smooth; apex apicu ate
achenes,
trigonous
in
narrowly
achenes, elliptic
in lenticular
nearly circular
to
stigm^ mostly
mm
deciduous; 2,
formed by the peKislent style base; the style
up
0.15
with an apiculus to
mm
mm
0.1-0.3 long.
apiculus
with a conspicuous ca.
30% Anthers 1.2-2.7 long,
up
sometimes to 3. 3,
Care* spccuicota oc-
“hanging gardens.’
sandstone cliffs—
along
shallow caves or alcoves
Moist seeps in
many
meters of the
many 400-300 plantssptead over
culms as
populations consisting of a few to as
curs as local
Utah.
andimmediatelyadjacentsouthemmos.
Arizona
m.Endemic.o northern
1350-2323
Elevation
cliff face.
hanging gar ens
species of
Typical associated
“hanging gardens."
sandstone
an endemic of Navajo
This
is
Cirsnim
micrantlm Eastw.,
vuginula Rydb., Aquilcgia
Aniicica
Adiantum cnpiUus-veneris L.,
region include &
in ihe
wtheam
(Higgins S.L.
caslwoodme Rydb., Plfltnnthera
Mimulus
Hook.,
Epipoctis gigniitcn
rydbergii Petr.,
Though very local, this spe-
& L.H. Bailey.
Lndht and lew other Cnrex, especially C. hnssei
4lsh*Kartesz a
remains constant
some The arching febit
lax,
dominant cover in sites.
and
the
can form a dense turf is
cies
cantedifficu^o
.hough
shownin Figure this
growingonahorizontalsurface as 3,
when are
even the plants
m
4 an
noted Figure a yp
and achenes are
A
sampling of perigynia, scales,
herbarium material.
discern in
shown Figure 5B.
specimen in
from a herbarium is
inflorescence
cal
May
5 2001,
W Chelly,
Canyon ie
ARIZONA. Apache del
Co.:
specimens.
Representative
O’Kane,
m 2276 (NAVA); Carson Mesa, 12Jun 2001, Jr. <
canyonSWofIm
narrow
ASC);
mi
Walker Creek,
(NAVA); 1
15
Wl^ev
(NAVA);
SW n 1340
Mesa,njul
N
Canyon Kayenta and ofBoot
of
(NAVA); Tseyi-hatsosi
Aug Roth 1701
Mexican Water, 21 2003,
16W
NE Rock 21 Aug 2003. Roth
Dancing Rocks of Point, (
N Canyon 20 May 2002, Rinfe 1154 (ASC, BRY);
of Giant trail,
9,Hevron214b(NAVA);
N
Canyon. 30 Sep
End Canyon of Geshi W
head Far
ins (NAVA). Navajo Co.: of
h &
small spring,
Roth Holiday 841;
& Canyon.
Rink 923 (NAVA); Jackass 1 3,
Canyon. 2 Oct 2000. Roth
Dowozhiebito
watershed
Canyon, 13 Sep 2000,
end of Keet Seel
sideofLongCanyon.SkeletonMesa,18May2004.Rinfe&Bungart3146(ASC.SJNM.NAVA). ;
,„,„v4ave
p
& Angel Arch Canyot
UNITED STATES. Utah. San Juan Co.;
Murray, r
Reznicek D.F. sp. Type;
Carex utahensis /.
2.
2Jun 1964,
5.500
andjuniper-pinyon cc slope, ca. ft.
bottom 1
inyon
mm cm between
1-5 long
rhizomes
3-2.7 thick, ca.
elongate rhizomes
from 1.
colonial
Loosely cespilose to
22-55 cm,
culms
stiff,
into coarse fibers;
disintegrating
brown purplish-brown,
rhizLe
to
shoots scales
camphylb
mm
below the inflomscence;
wide immediately
0.5-1.4
papillose,
trigonous,
.erect,'
ba«
blades 3^
esKutmlly
Leaves 6-12,
reddish-purple.
youngest often ,
and sheaths brown, the
basal
midnb smooth Enely an ror^ly
and to
mm margins
much than culms, .folded,
shorter
wide,
1.8-4.5
long.
^mlong, gla '
sheaths 1.7-15
abaxially; leaf
±smooth papillose
adaxially,
scabrous
distally,
mm
long
0.8-3.7
concave the apex; hgules ca. .
shallowly at
brown, hyaline, thin,
pale
ish or
cm
2^
long,
brown, inflorescences
portion whitish to pale
than wide, free
shorter
starninatgpUtillm^^^^
termlrmlgynaecandrous or occasionally
t:X»ed.TLinalspikel2-31nimlongpistm^^^
mm
How
mm
(0-)2()-65
wide,
ca.
1.8-3.1
(0-)6-24.5 long,
portion
staminate
widP f0-)L50-flowered
ra
mmlong,3.5-6nrm,^e,cyhndnc,^^e^^
4-22.8
emd,'p^unchL8-lL5mmiong,Im.eralspikes
mmwi
mm
long,
2.3-3.7 1.
Staminate scales , ’
.
7-40 ascending perigynia.
with ca
rounded,
obtuse or
acute to
especiaflydistally.apex
hyahne margins,
narrow
brown purple with mm
to
awn up toO.3 long. Pistillate
apiculus or short
prolongedmtoa±scabrous-ciliate
Lmerved
center rarely
margins inconspicuous,
mm hyaline
reddish-purple,
mm reddish-brown to
wide,
3-2.2
9-3 3 long 1
s
1
scabrous-cihate
prolonged into a
sometimes
1-3-nerved center
green
• ' ’ the
- acute,

i
#1
'
1
i
^
i
V
/
i
mm
awn mm
apiculus up mm
or
to 0.5 long. Perigynia 2.6-3.9
long, 1.6-2.5
wide, ±strongly flattened to con-
m
cavo-convex
cross-section,
±obovate, not by much
filled the smaller
achene,
herbaceous,
papillose distally
green
to reddish-purpledistally,greenish brown
to
proximally,2-nervedand
withafew
frequently nervei
faint
Z
^ obscure
to well defined beak
cylindrical
teaks01-0.4tnm
long, and
papillose sometimes
setulose. green
to purplish-brown, apex *erose obscurel,
to
sometimes
lenticular in cross
section; the convex sides narrowly
cm
ellinti gonousac
r enes, ™^dfy
elliptic in
lenticular
^ achenes, brown, smooth apex usually apiculatewitl
-"““y “p “>
'T'*
%TATtto!3 3.
%2.A„te3.1.8-2.6mn.lo„g,„ftenwia.aco„spc„o„sapiculmca.0.1-0.3mmbnfr
.
group
parryana
the Carex
Systematics of
and Murray,
Reznicek
FromthestateofUtahwherethetypecollectionisfrom.
Etymology.—
^
Elevation
bottoml,ands.
meadows, and riparian
wet
and hanging gardens,
wet alcoves
slopes,
Seeps,
westernmost Colorado.
Endemic Utah and adjacent
1400-3000 m. to
nORfO
mapped by Albeeaal. (1988)
and
WeUhetal. 2003)
Goodrich
Utahby (in
PlantstreatedasCpanyana in
below).
and C.holmgreniorum (see
species also
are this
Jt similar to C.
Colorado Plateau
ri
northern portion of the
be endemic to the
Car« uMhcnsis appears to «ou^^
thus fitting
perigynia lonely
the
much than the perigynia,
smaller
having achenes
speemeda
in
darkerpistilbm^
with
utahensisisarnorestimyerectplant,
Bute,
aeheneandnotfilledby
it,
“iri
Cnrex specuicoln has a lax,
purple tinged apically.
perigynia distinctly
and obovate
green clearly
A
maturity.
and iranslucent at
whitish
changing
to
perigynia
and pale greenish, elliptic
Sder scales
Distuiate
dCandatypicalinfloreseencefromaherbarium
Figure
Lphngotpengynia,scales,andachenesarenotedin
shown Figure 5C.
specimen in
is
rniOHDQ.Mo.ln,«C.iT47N,21)W.S13.L.S.ICi«kCy.l.5n.lEoiUul,-Ce...»a„K'iH„,Slanl994.
.
T.h,37M(COLO.UTC).OTAH.Ci«l«».Co.:TMSE17E.S17.3Ja„2«Xl,At,<,<»i25i72(Bm
R.MSwdl.5Jun
1979,1
San
(BIt«lBigE«aMt.,8A«gl9r7,Le»ii3125(IlRY);
WWn&Mooir
8j™ S3
1979.
May 4573 &. Yeatt
Wash, 6 2001, Yeatfs
Cottonwood
San Rafael Reef,
Jun Tuhy 3545;
13 1989,
Canyon,
Nebo peak from Pole 17
& Juab Mt. trail
Co.:
Evenden 24445 (BRY).
Atwood
1999,
(NAVA
M with Slickhom Canyon, 1 jun 2005, Roth 1847
Co mi upstream from San Juan R.
jet.
1
May ^16 (BRY).
2000, I
& Canyon bottom, 14
22024 (BRY); John’s
Welsh Chatterley
1983,
(BRY)
Canyon.3Jun2000.Atwood25765
Moonshine
Canyon.
Uintah Firewater
1900 (BRY). Co.:
abon^num.
Amer. Caric. pi. 421, as C.
Mackenzie, K.K. 1940. N. 2,
niustration.—
mm
rhizomes 0 5
ca.
2-3.5 thick,
rhizomes
ascending
from
short,
Loosely cespitose
cm
20-90
culms
tall,
into coarse fibers;
brown, disintegrating
rhizome scales
shoots
mm
below the inflorescence;
immediately
wide
0.6-1.1
trTlous papillose,
very finely
phyllsandbasalsheathsbrown,theyounge3tusuanyreddlsh-purpk.Leavesca.M2^^m^l^^^^^^^^
midnb mooth an
and to finely
margins
mm
much than culms, ^folded,
shorter
cm 5-4 wide,
3 48 long
3 1
™;!y^ltdis.aUy,Asm„othadaxial.y.papiUoseabaxiaUy,I^
mm
long, acute to
0.8-5.5(-7.5
hgules
apex; ca.
concave the
at
brown, hyaline, thin,
whitish or pale
trally
freeportionwhitishtopalebrownJn^^^^^^
than wide, the
than to longer
shorter
rounded, slightly
gynaecandrous a era s p
sometimes
staminate or ,
cm terminal
with 3-5(-6) spikes,
lone
e7ai4e3-eriappingVersou.e.in.essepa«e.lowe7.wospikesa^^^^
mm
cm
and
mm up long 1.5
to 7.5
lowest bracts ±bristle-like
un 2 long;
npHiinrle to 14
rriAtVi
mm
loug^^^^
Terminal spte(6.5-)11.5-27
raLss,up^rbractsabEupdy reduced.
10mmlong,4.5-7.2mmwide,ca.(0-)l-28-nowered,3tamina,eporuon4.5-2b3mmlo^ai^M^
mm ^
mm
4 2 ong,
spikes
Lateral
1.8-38 long.
peduncle
10-65-flowered,
ca. ' ^ 2 4
^
Staminate scales ^
perigynia.
5-45 spreading-ascending
with ca '
denselv flowered f’
,
.
mrjM"oL,e,reddI-brown\uhbroadbyaUne margins
"dcen.er.Pis.illa.esca.esl.^2.3mm,ong,1.5-2.2rn^
™
obovare^e—
^
broadly
wwfr:2ied plumply biconvex,
ro
rrigonous
br^n^x
.ru^,
green
ro
and so.ne.imes
2^.5 papillose
mn.
beaks 0 long, finely mm
beak; mm
mm L3-L6 wide, concavely
Achenes L7-2.4 long,
up long.
0.2
with teeth to
Obscurely bidentulate
,
mm
tapering to a thick stipe 0.1-0.2 long, flattened-trigonous in cross section; convex sides narrowly elliptic to
mm
obovate, brown, smooth; apex usually apiculate with an apiculus up to 0.2 formed by the persistent style
mm mm
base; style deciduous; stigmas 3. Anthers 3, 1.7-3 long, with an apiculus ca. 0.1 long.
Etymology.—Carex holmgreniorum was chosen to honor Arthur H. Holmgren and Noel and Patricia Hol-
who
mgren, together have collected this species several times and whose scholarship has contributed so much
our knowledge
to of the Intermountain
flora.
Alkaline
seeps, adjacent to springs, riparian zones, moist meadows, pasture land, calcareous and often
saline soils, with species such as Juncus balticus Willd., Eleocharis and
rosteUata (Torr.) Torr., Schoenoplectus
pungens (Vahl) Palla. Elevation 1400-2000 m. UNITED STATES.
Idaho, Nevada, Utah.
Some
Utah
of the localities of C. parryana mapped by Albee
presumably
et al. (1988) refer to this species.
Publication of Carex parryana Hermann
brevisquama by
var. (1968) lacked a citation of a type specimen
was
as required by the Code. Valid publication did not occur until 1970 when the name was again published by
Hermann
with Holmgren
8251 as the type for the name (the holotype, and apparently the only sheet seen by
Hermann
based on
his annotation on the sheet). The epithet brevisquama was preoccupied rank
the of
at
This
is a distinctive species whose lack of was
recognition due and
to its relative rarity the confusion sur-
rounding
the misapplication name
of the
C. aboriginum.
It is easily recognized by combination of
its large pis-
tillate lateral spikes, staminate
or gynaecandrous
terminal spike, broad achenes and perigynia, and
pistillate
scales distinctly shorter than the perigynia. an uncommon
It is and local endemic of the northern Great Basin
and
western
portion ol the Colorado A
Plateau. sampling
of perigynia, and
scales, achenes are in Figure
4A 1
and
a
typical inflorescence from
an herbarium
specimen shown
is in Figure 5A.
Repre^ntauve
specimens. IDAHO.
Caribou
Co.: Soda
Springs, 9 Jun 1993, Moseley 2620 (BRY). NEVADA. Elko
Co.:
F
National
Wildlife
Headquarters, 20 Jun
IS
(BRYM^
8745
Im
us,mnom.-Macltenzie.
K.K.
N. Amer.
aric. pt
CnmquUt,
11: 412;
^ A,
etal, 1977.
iutermountain
Flc
cm
talUtiff,
erect, trigonous, papillosewithltj::”^^^
finely
mm
wide ^
immediately antrorsely
below
scabrous, 0.5-1
the
inflorescence-
nhvllonorlir n .
i, ,
usually
reddish-purple.Uavesca.
6-12, ess^nttallylsaifcSS^'^^^^^^
shorter than
culms,
.folded,
margins and sLth mXsI
midrib L'”
to
smooth
dislally,
adaxially, n umrotscly scabro
papillose abaxially ' ‘'"''V
leaf sheaths 2 s
brown, ^"”"i *'®^'^^^^
hyaUne,
thin, cotmave
theapexilJusItS^fl
at
lonpr
than
wide, the iX *'
free
portion
whitish
to pale brown
pistuiate, upper *‘™"'«e,
lateral spikes or
rarely .mixed,
.overlapping
bwweerr som,H™ lateta
sometimes
separate,
lower
two
spikes cm
0.3-5.2
distar