A Companion to Dental Anthropology

563 Pages·2015·27.327 MB·English

by  Irish, Joel D., Scott, George Richard

A Companion to
Dental Anthropology
The Blackwell Companions to Anthropology offers a series of comprehensive syntheses of
the traditional subdisciplines, primary subjects, and geographic areas of inquiry for the
field. Taken together, the series represents both a contemporary survey of anthropology
and a cutting edge guide to the emerging research and intellectual trends in the field as
a whole.
1. A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, edited by Alessandro Duranti
2. A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, edited by David Nugent and Joan
Vincent
3. A Companion to the Anthropology of American Indians, edited by Thomas Biolsi
4. A Companion to Psychological Anthropology, edited by Conerly Casey and Robert
B. Edgerton
5. A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan, edited by Jennifer Robertson
6. A Companion to Latin American Anthropology, edited by Deborah Poole
7. A Companion to Biological Anthropology, edited by Clark Larsen (hardback only)
8. A Companion to the Anthropology of India, edited by Isabelle Clark‐Decès
9. A Companion to Medical Anthropology, edited by Merrill Singer and Pamela
I. Erickson
10. A Companion to Cognitive Anthropology, edited by David B, Kronenfeld, Giovanni
Bennardo, Victor de Munck, and Michael D. Fischer
11. A Companion to Cultural Resource Management, edited by Thomas King
12. A Companion to the Anthropology of Education, edited by Bradley A.U. Levinson
and Mica Pollack
13. A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment, edited by Frances
E. Mascia‐Lees
14. A Companion to Paleopathology, edited by Anne L. Grauer
15. A Companion to Folklore, edited by Regina F. Bendix and Galit Hasan‐Rokem
16. A Companion to Forensic Anthropology, edited by Dennis Dirkmaat
17. A Companion to the Anthropology of Europe, edited by Ullrich Kockel, Máiréad
Nic Craith, and Jonas Frykman
18. A Companion to Border Studies, edited by Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan
19. A Companion to Rock Art, edited by Jo McDonald and Peter Veth
20. A Companion to Moral Anthropology, edited by Didier Fassin
21. A Companion to Gender Prehistory, edited by Diane Bolger
22. A Companion to Organizational Anthropology, edited by D. Douglas Caulkins
and Ann T. Jordan
23. A Companion to Paleoanthropology, edited by David R. Begun
24. A Companion to Chinese Archaeology, edited by Anne P. Underhill
25. A Companion to the Anthropology of Religion, edited by Janice Boddy and Michael
Lambek
26. A Companion to Urban Anthropology, edited by Donald M. Nonini
27. A Companion to the Anthropology of the Middle East, edited by Soraya Altorki
28. A Companion to Heritage Studies, edited by William Logan, Máiréad Nic Craith
and Ullrich Kockel
29. A Companion to Dental Anthropology, edited by Joel D. Irish and G. Richard Scott
A Companion
to Dental
Anthropology
Edited by
Joel D. Irish
and G. Richard Scott
This edition first published 2016
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
A companion to dental anthropology / edited by Joel D. Irish and G. Richard Scott.
pages cm – (Wiley Blackwell companions to anthropology ; 29)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-84543-1 (cloth)
1. Dental anthropology. I. Irish, Joel D., editor. II. Scott, George Richard, editor.
GN209.C66 2015
599.9′43–dc23
2015022952
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover image: From top to bottom: Christy G. Turner II. Used with permission of the estate of Christy G.
Turner II; Two Neolithic male crania from Gebel Ramlah cemetery, Western Desert, Egypt. Photo by Irish,
February 2003; Swazi skull with tooth loss, tooth tilting, alveolar resorption, and super-eruption. Cat#
A2306, Dart Collection (University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa). Joel D. Irish; 3-8-2011.
Set in 10/12pt Galliard by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
1 2016
Contents
Notes on Contributors viii
Foreword xv
Acknowledgments xviii
Part I Context 1
1 Introduction to Dental Anthropology 3
Joel D. Irish and G. Richard Scott
2 A Brief History of Dental Anthropology 7
G. Richard Scott
Part II Dental Evolution 19
3 Origins and Functions of Teeth: From “Toothed” Worms to Mammals 21
Peter S. Ungar
4 The Teeth of Prosimians, Monkeys, and Apes 37
Frank P. Cuozzo
5 The Hominins 1: Australopithecines and Their Ancestors 52
Lucas K. Delezene
6 The Hominins 2: The Genus Homo 67
Maria Martinón‐Torres and José María Bermúdez de Castro
vi contents
Part III The Human Dentition 85
7 Terms and Terminology Used in Dental Anthropology 87
Joel D. Irish
8 Anatomy of Individual Teeth and Tooth Classes 94
Loren R. Lease
9 The Masticatory System and Its Function 108
Peter W. Lucas
Part IV Dental Growth and Development 121
10 An Overview of Dental Genetics 123
Toby Hughes, Grant Townsend, and Michelle Bockmann
11 Odontogenesis 142
Edward F. Harris
12 Tooth Eruption and Timing 159
Helen M. Liversidge
13 Tooth Classes, Field Concepts, and Symmetry 172
Grant Townsend, Alan Brook, Robin Yong, and Toby Hughes
Part V Dental Histology from the Inside Out 189
14 The Pulp Cavity and Its Contents 191
Scott S. Legge and Anna M. Hardin
15 Dentine and Cementum Structure and Properties 204
Nancy Tang, Adeline Le Cabec, and Daniel Antoine
16 Enamel Structure and Properties 223
Daniel Antoine and Simon Hillson
Part VI Dental Morphometric Variation in Populations 245
17 Identifying and Recording Key Morphological (Nonmetric)
Crown and Root Traits 247
G. Richard Scott, Christopher Maier and Kelly Heim
18 Assessing Dental Nonmetric Variation among Populations 265
Joel D. Irish
19 Measurement of Tooth Size (Odontometrics) 287
Brian E. Hemphill
20 Assessing Odontometric Variation among Populations 311
Brian E. Hemphill
Part VII Dental Morphometric Variation in Individuals 337
21 Forensic Odontology 339
Heather J.H. Edgar and Anna L.M. Rautman
contents vii
22 Estimating Age, Sex, and Individual ID from Teeth 362
Christopher W. Schmidt
23 Indicators of Idiosyncratic Behavior in the Dentition 377
Christopher M. Stojanowski, Kent M. Johnson,
Kathleen S. Paul, and Charisse L. Carver
24 Dentition, Behavior, and Diet Determination 396
Kristin L. Krueger
Part VIII Dental Health and Disease 413
25 Crown Wear: Identification and Categorization 415
Scott E. Burnett
26 Caries: The Ancient Scourge 433
Daniel H. Temple
27 Dental Stress Indicators from Micro‐ to Macroscopic 450
Debbie Guatelli‐Steinberg
28 A Host of Other Dental Diseases and Disorders 465
Greg C. Nelson
Part IX The Future of Dental Anthropology 485
29 New Directions in Dental Development Research 487
John P. Hunter and Debbie Guatelli‐Steinberg
30 Chemical and Isotopic Analyses of Dental Tissues 499
Louise T. Humphrey
31 Non‐Invasive Imaging Techniques 514
José Braga
Index 528
Notes on
Contributors
Daniel Antoine is the British Museum’s Curator of Physical Anthropology, with
responsibility for the museum’s human remains. He completed his PhD at University
College London in 2001 and has published widely on bioarchaeology and dental
anthropology, including Ancient Lives, New Discoveries: Eight Mummies, Eight Stories
(2014) with John Taylor, and Regarding the Dead: Human Remains in the British
Museum (2014) with Alexandra Fletcher and J.D. Hill.
José‐María Bermúdez de Castro, PhD in Biology and Research Professor of the
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC, Spain), is currently affiliated
with the National Research Center on Human Evolution (Burgos, Spain). From
1991, he has been co‐director of the Sierra de Atapuerca project. His main scientific
contributions deal with the study of the hominin fossils recovered from the Sierra de
Atapuerca sites, including the naming, in Science, of a new Homo species: Homo
antecessor.
Michelle Bockmann is a member of the Craniofacial Biology Research Group in the
School of Dentistry at the University of Adelaide, Australia. Her main research interests
involve studies of the human dentition aimed at clarifying the roles of genetic, epigenetic,
and environmental factors on dental development and morphology together with trans-
lation of research findings to the general community.
José Braga is Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology and Human Evolution in the
Research Department of Biological Anthropology of the University of Toulouse,
France. He conducts fieldwork in Kromdraai (South Africa), where he recovers fossil
remains of human ancestors and their relatives. His research interests lie in sorting
the neutral and adaptive processes that governed the diversification of  populations