A color handbook otolaryngology PDF
Preview A color handbook otolaryngology
A C O L O R H A N D B O O K OTOLARYNGOLOGY A C O L O R H A N D B O O K OTOLARYNGOLOGY Edited by Laura H. Swibel Rosenthal Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood, Illinois Monica O. Patadia Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood, Illinois James A. Stankiewicz Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Maywood, Illinois Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20160523 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-5376-4 (Paperback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Introduction vii Chapter 9 Benign Sinonasal Masses 69 Acknowledgments and Dedications xi Kristin Seiberling and Peter-John Contributors xiii Wormald Chapter 10 Benign Skull Base Tumors 87 SECTION 1 HEAD AND NECK Monica Oberoi Patadia, Kevin Swong, and Anand V. Germanwala Chapter 1 Diseases of the Oral Cavity 3 Urjeet A. Patel, Alice C. Lin, and Chapter 11 Malignant Skull Base Christopher Vanison Tumors 95 Caitlin McLean and Pete S. Batra Chapter 2 Diseases of the Salivary Glands 13 Urjeet A. Patel, Alice C. Lin, and SECTION 3 LARYNGOLOGY Christopher Vanison Chapter 12 Common Problems of Chapter 3 Masses of the Head the True Vocal Folds 121 and Neck 21 Glendon M. Gardner and Michael Urjeet A. Patel, Alice C. Lin, and S. Benninger Christopher Vanison Chapter 13 Laryngeal and Tracheal Chapter 4 Malignancy of the Pharynx Stenosis 177 and Larynx 29 Glendon M. Gardner and Michael Urjeet A. Patel, Alice C. Lin, and S. Benninger Christopher Vanison Chapter 14 Other Neuromuscular Chapter 5 Thyroid and Parathyroid Causes of Dysphonia and Trauma 189 Disease 35 Glendon M. Gardner and Michael Urjeet A. Patel, Alice C. Lin, and S. Benninger Christopher Vanison Chapter 6 Reconstructive Surgery SECTION 4 OTOLOGY of Head and Neck Defects 41 AND NEUROTOLOGY Urjeet A. Patel, Alice C. Lin, and Christopher Vanison Chapter 15 Normal Ear Examination and External Ear Disorders 203 Anthony Chin-Quee, Foluwasayo SECTION 2 RHINOLOGY E. Ologe, and Michael D. Seidman Chapter 7 General Rhinology 49 Chapter 16 Middle Ear Disorders 215 Jeffrey M. Hotaling and Monica Anthony Chin-Quee, Foluwasayo Oberoi Patadia E. Ologe, and Michael D. Seidman Chapter 8 Sinusitis 61 Chapter 17 Inner Ear Disorders 227 Muhamad A. Amine and Monica Anthony Chin-Quee, Foluwasayo Oberoi Patadia E. Ologe, and Michael D. Seidman vi Contents vCiontents SECTION 5 FACIAL PLASTICS Chapter 24 Trauma 333 Sean Weiss, Laura T. Hetzler, Chapter 18 Normal Facial Analysis 245 Christopher Tran, Celeste Gary, Celeste Gary and Laura T. Hetzler Neal M. Jackson, and Daniel W. Nuss Chapter 19 Nose 251 SECTION 6 PEDIATRICS Krishna Patel and Laura T. Hetzler Chapter 25 Ear Disease 359 Chapter 20 Ear 265 Oliver Adunka Laura T. Hetzler, Allison M. Holzapfel, and Celeste Gary Chapter 26 Sinonasal Disease 389 Austin S. Rose Chapter 21 Aging Face 281 Chapter 27 Pediatric Airway Disease 401 Bradford Terry, Laura T. Hetzler, Carlton Zdanski Blake Raggio, Aditi Bhuskute, Lane D. Squires, and Jonathan Sykes Chapter 28 Oral and Oropharyngeal Disease 419 Chapter 22 Skin: Refinement and Lorien M. Paulson Reconstruction 303 Devinder S. Mangat, Mark J. Been, Chapter 29 Neck Disease 427 Benjamin Marcus, Laura T. Hetzler, Lorien M. Paulson and Celeste Gary Chapter 30 Craniofacial Disorders 435 Amelia F. Drake and Brent Golden Chapter 23 Medical and Surgical Hair Restoration 327 Lane D. Squires and Jonathan Sykes Index 457 Introduction vii Laura H. Swibel Rosenthal A handbook may be used in many ways. It photographs and images from computed can be particularly useful as a reference tool tomography or magnetic resonance imag- to learn about a topic of interest. When a ing but also images from rigid or flexible handbook contains many images, it can be endoscopy, which has become a quintessen- browsed as a picture book, or it can be read tial tool not only for medical management cover to cover like a textbook. A color hand- of otolaryngology but also for teaching. book specifically in otolaryngology can serve Other miscellaneous tests or diagrams in all of these manners. It is expected that are frequently utilized in the chapters for most readers will use it in a combination of their unique contributions to diagnosis and ways. However, there are many reasons why management. the subject of otolaryngology makes a very While the study of otolaryngology can unique type of handbook. seem quite narrow to a primary care provider This handbook is partly a reference tool or medical student, for whom the editors to aid the reader in diagnosis after the exami- hope this book is useful, the field is actu- nation of a patient, but it can be challenging ally quite broad. The subspecialties, being to encompass the breadth of a surgical field primarily head and neck surgery, rhinology, with photos of the disease alone. While pho- skull base surgery, laryngology, neuro- tographs from a clinical examination as well otology, and facial plastic surgery, each lend as radiographs can partly depict a disease themselves to a different ratio of focus on state, to fully encompass the field of oto- diagnosis by physical examination, diag- laryngology, it was important to the editors nosis by endoscopy, workup and ancillary that surgical management be understood studies, medical management, surgical as well. For many chapters, we have there- technique, and epidemiology. Some chap- fore attempted to capture this by deviating ters will be more geared toward diagnosis from a simple format of a photograph asso- and some will be more oriented toward ciated with a written outline of the disease. surgical planning. Inconsistencies in the Instead, surgical techniques are demon- amount of photographs versus surgical strated in many sections. technique between chapters are purposeful Furthermore, when thinking about the and meant to enhance the reader’s learning field of head and neck surgery, much of the experience. pathology in the head and neck is buried Otolaryngology is studied by a variety in bone, beneath the skin or facial bones, of practitioners. It is the editors’ choice to deep in the pharynx, or within the complex make this text useful not only for experi- skull base. Images in this color handbook, enced otolaryngologists but also for pri- therefore, include not only traditional mary care and family practitioners, surgical viii Introduction vIniitiroduction and nonsurgical residents, medical students, reference learning. For example, the grow- nurses, physician assistants, nurse practitio- ing field of sleep medicine may seem lacking ners, and anyone else carrying an interest in in this text, although it overlaps with areas this field. While textbooks will always lag such as tonsil hypertrophy. behind journals, experienced otolaryngolo- While a handbook cannot replace clini- gists will find both the traditional and con- cal or surgical training, our hope is that temporary otolaryngology in this handbook this book will serve as a supplement to the a useful confirmation of what they know or clinical encounter and will help guide the a tool for maintaining certification in areas critical steps of history taking, physical that are beyond their expertise. For the examination, and management. In many medical student, the basics of otolaryngol- cases, it may serve as a limited surgical atlas ogy are included and further detail helps to as well. The objectives in this book vary build a better understanding of the patho- somewhat by section, as per the following physiology and treatment. descriptions; however, they will generally There are many tools used in a good include some normal anatomy followed head and neck examination that are not by pathologies and/or surgical treat- routinely used to capture photographs. ments. Each topic will generally include a For example, the ear exam requires an definition and clinical features, differen- otoscope. The nasal examination requires tial diagnosis, suggestions for workup, and a good light and a nasal speculum. The treatment. Treatment sections vary from oral exam often requires a headlight and minimal medical treatment options to two free hands. The laryngeal examination extensive surgical descriptions. Providers requires a head mirror. Instead of photo- from many fields may diagnose and/or graphs taken in conjunction with any of treat head and neck diseases, but it is the these tools, these images are typically cap- skilled examiner, endoscopist, thinker, and tured with an endoscope or microscope. An surgeon that make the field of otolaryngol- endoscope is often needed for a complete ogy what it is. We hope that that is reflected nasal and sinus examination and pharyn- in these pages. geal or laryngeal examination but is also used in many cases for teaching purposes or capturing images. This should not deter the primary care provider from using this Head and Neck handbook. The main purpose of this book is to help the busy practitioner develop a The head and neck section is arguably one differential diagnosis for the problems they of the most important areas in the study of encounter in the office, be it inpatient, out- otolaryngology. Resident rotations on an patient, or acute care setting. It could also otolaryngology service are often divided in be useful for a primary care provider hoping a similar manner as in the sections of this to better understand the endoscopy exami- book, and it is often on the head and neck nation performed by their otolaryngology rotation that students learn the complex consultants. and fascinating anatomy of the head and The scope of this book is broad enough neck and some of the worst pathology of to serve as a reference handbook for a vari- the head and neck, such as malignant dis- ety of practitioners, but it is not inclusive of ease. This section explores the common the entire field of otolaryngology. There are pathologies of head and neck and surgi- some areas within otolaryngology that are cal management and the management of not conducive to this type of image-based complications. Introduction ix Introduction ix Rhinology within the field of neuro-otology in which a novice and trained specialist may notice When a rhinologist examines the nose, different findings on exam. The otoscope is whether in the office, by computed tomog- one of the first tools that medical students raphy, or by endoscopy in the operating are eager to obtain and learn to use; how- room, it is often with a different perspec- ever, the beginner student examines the ear tive than other providers. The rhinologist is in a much different way from the neuro- able to navigate the “labyrinth” of the nose otologist. When learning how to do an ear and sinuses from the easily visible mucosa examination, adequately assessing the ear to the depths of the sphenoid sinus and canal and tympanic membrane is the pri- treat patients with both medical and surgi- mary goal. However, the trained otologist cal problems. This section is amenable to a is able to see beyond the tympanic mem- classic photograph with a description of a brane to identify nuances in the middle ear, disease and to an in-depth look at surgical from ossicular erosions to malignancy. The techniques. Advances in endoscopy and dig- subspecialist may be adept at a cranial nerve ital imaging have greatly facilitated teaching examination or using a tuning fork and be rhinology and make this section robust. able to identify inner ear disease on exami- nation; however, the inner ear can often be difficult to assess by examination alone. The Laryngology examination can be incredibly important or entirely unrevealing even in the presence of In some subspecialties, such as laryngol- devastating disease. In the field of o tology/ ogy, which is remarkably visual, a photo- neuro-otology, images of a patient may graph can be helpful but cannot replace be helpful, but the audiogram, CT scan, the active examination of the moving (or or MRI can give the provider invaluable immobile) vocal folds nor can it replace information. Otopathology is often located the acoustic assessment of a patient’s dys- deep within the temporal bone, which is a phonia. Nevertheless, a color handbook challenging area for both the medical stu- is a great way to teach laryngeal pathol- dent and general otolaryngologist, and ogy. Digital laryngoscopy photographs are surgical management is difficult to capture relatively easily captured. The addition of intraoperatively as these images are often videostroboscopy to the physical examina- obtained after mastoidectomy or a skull base tion is an invaluable tool for the subspecial- approach. These attributes make this section ist, student, and patient. A color handbook particularly challenging and interesting. is an ideal way to showcase pathology and to teach laryngeal findings from examination. Facial Plastics This book provides unique insights into sur- gical technique as well. The subject of facial plastic surgery is impor- tant within the field of otolaryngology. It Otology and Neurotology is extremely visual, which is excellent for a color handbook. However, it is not always In otolaryngology, the physical examination conducive to the differential and workup is one of the most interesting aspects of the sections. Also, treatment is primarily surgi- practice because it is so visually detailed and cal. Subtitles vary purposefully by section requires a well-trained, critical eye and often to more appropriately address the unique special instruments. This is especially true issues in these subsections.
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