3-D hard copy, 574 3-D-Objects, 495 abduction, 122, 388 abstract

34 Pages·2013·0.17 MB·English

Index
3-D hard copy,574 adjacency pairs (conversation), 233
3-D-Objects, 495 administration, 352
administration, organizational, 343
abduction, 122, 388 administrative metadata, 44
abstract (document),54, 449 advance-fee scam, 168
abstract category, 31 advanced persistent threat (APT), 293
abstraction, 1, 4, 385 adversarial planning, 94, 299
abstraction, legal, 329 adversarial situation (information availability), 295
abstraction, programming, 241 adversarial situation (risk),295
abstraction, science, 387 advertising, 131, 359, 463
abstractive summarization, 449 advocacy, 322, 368
academic freedom, 362 aesthetics, 134
academic library, 363 affect, 134
accent (speech), 482 affect (conversation), 235
acceptable use, 309, 313 affect (narrative), 231
acceptance, technology system, 290 affect (speech), 482
access genre, 69 affect (text),462
access point, 45 affect model, 194
accession, archive, 266 affect, games, 493
accountability, 258 affective computing, 133, 134
accountable talk, 193 affiliation network, 158
accounting, 338 affine, 475
accuracy (metrology), 390 affinity diagram, 82
ACID principles (databases), 561 Age of Reason, 392
acoustic model, 485 agency, 87, 157
acoustics, 478 agency (causation), 125
active environment,496 agency, user control of systems, 138
active learning (categorization), 549 agent (commerce), 336
active reading, 438 agent communication languages, 241
active visual media, 489 agent provocateur, 204
activity diagram, UML,107 agent, autonomous, 278
activity management, 90 agent-based modeling, 396, 546
activity theory, 67, 84, 183 aggregation (document),279
activity theory (social), 153 aggregation (part-of relationships), 32
actor, 170 aggregation, collection, 280
acyclic graph, 515 aggregation, data, 316
ad hominem attack, 322 aggregator (news), 370
adaptivecategory, 449 aggregator (publishing), 366
adaptivehypertext,57, 145, 493 aggression, 552
adaptivesystem, complex, 10 agile development, 285
adaptivetesting, 194 agriculture, 342
addiction, 555 alerting service, 70, 147
adjacency operator (search), 455 algorithm, 91, 521
579
580 Information: A FundamentalConstruct
algorithm, compression, 511 architecture (buildings), 98
algorithm, encryption, 556 architecture, cognitive, 121
algorithm, parsing, 522 architecture, computer, 570
algorithmic thinking, 196 architecture, enterprise, 255
allegory, 134 architecture, information, 58
alphabet, 427 architectures, 96
altruism, 136, 341 archival storage, 578
ambient design, 496 archive, 261
amusement park,90 archive, community,185
amygdale, 553 archive, data, 402
analogy, 123 archive, enterprise, 461
analogy (problem solving), 92 archive, personal, 146, 147
analysis, data, 406 archive, team and meeting, 179
analysis, decision, 81 archive, Web,271
analysis, system, 10, 283 archiving, data, 402
analysis-by-synthesis,92 argument extraction, 447
analytic grammar, parsing, 240 argumentation (discourse), 227
analytics, 17 argumentation system, 228
analytics, living, 190 argumentation system (hypertext),56, 329
analytics, social media, 162 argumentation, mathematical, 408
analytics, visual, 406 argumentation, science, 388
anaphora, 222 Aristotelian logic, 529
anatomy (medical), 414 arousal, physiological, 132
anchor (hypertext),54 art, 471
anchoring (query),450 art, visual, 472
and-ortree, 530 articulation (work), 84, 86, 177, 352
animation, 491 artificial life (alife), 546
annotation, 438 artificial psychology, 137
annotation, dataset, 400 aspect (verb),218
annotation, gene, 409 aspect ratio (display), 573
annotation, semantic, 282 aspect-oriented design, 104
annotation, semantic (video), 490 ASR,automatic speech recognition, 484
anonymity,318 assessment, 194
anonymized data, 405 assessment (individualdifferences), 141
antagonist (narrative), 231 assistive technologies, 142
anthropomorphism, 172 assistive technology, 142
anti-aliasing, 574 association rule, 447
anti-circumvention,311 associative learning, 123
anti-plagiarism software, 315 associative memory, 124
anti-trust (business), 335 assurance, information, 21, 293
aphasia, 143 asymmetric information, 364
API,data set, 398 asynchronous interaction, 441
application profile (metadata), 47 asynchronous learning, 200
application profile (requirements),284 ATN parsing, 522
applied perception, 117 attention, 115
appraisal, archive, 265 attention management, 222, 223
apprenticeship, 186, 199 attention, visual, 117
appropriate copy,562 attitude, 23, 130
apps, 337, 371 attraction, interpersonal, 157
apps, mobile, 142 attractor (dynamical system), 542
archaeology, 411 attribute extraction, 447
archetype,231 attribute, category, 30
Information: A FundamentalConstruct 581
attribute, metadata, 43 ballistic motor behavior, 119
attribute, visualization, 477 bandwidth,507
attribute-valuepair, 33 bar code, 575
attribution (copyright),311 BATNA,Bestalternativetoanegotiatedagreement,84
attribution (social), 170 Bayes Rule, 448, 534
auction, 335 Bayesian classification, 535
auction (search engines advertising), 359 BDI, beliefs, desire, intention, 95, 131, 241
auction, keyword, 360 behavior graph, 73, 194
audit trail, 291 behavior modification, 173
audit, archival, 263 behavioral economics, 190, 341
audit, information, 88 behavioral extrapolation, 316
audit, information system, 290 behavioral science, 385
augmented reality, 497 behavioral signature, 448
augmented transition networks (ATNs),238 belief revision, 132
aura (avatar), 497 beliefs, 24, 128, 533
authentication, 557 believability (narrative), 231
authentication, two factor, 295 best first (tree searching), 516
authenticity,262 best practices (preservation), 263
author, data, 400 best practices (security), 295
authoring text,439 beta release, 285
authoring, hypermedia, 473 between-ness (graph), 519
authoritative source, 76 bias, confirmation, 131
authority,16 bias, representational, 2
authority (metadata), 52 bibliographic control, 45
authority (Web),59 bibliographic coupling, 383
authority file, 45 bibliography, 14
authority,journalistic, 24 bibliometrics, 383
authority,name, 33 bibliophile, 368
authority,publishing, 203 Big Brother, 316
authority,reference works, 76 big data, 17, 317, 399, 403
authority,scholarly, 203 big science, 392
autobiographical memory,121 bilingualism, 215, 483
autobiography, 208 biography, 208
automata, 238 bioinformatics, 408
automata, weighted, 444 biological foundations, 135
automated discovery,389 biology, 408
autonomic computing, 572 biometrics, 320
autonomous agent, 278, 396 bipartate graph, 515
availability and accessibility (attention), 122 bit torrent,275
avatar, 497 bit, binary information unit, 506
awareness (collaboration), 180 bit, parity,577
awareness, (remote collaboration), 178 bitcoin, 338
awareness, situational, 67 bitmap display,574
black-hat hacker, 293
B2B, business-to-business, 356 blackboard systems, 92
B2C, business-to-consumer, 358 blacklist (spam), 441
back-channel,conversation, 236 BLAST search (genomics), 410
back-propagation, 550, 551 blended education, 200
background check,163 blind reviewing, 381
backward chaining, 532 blog, 462
bag of words (text retrieval), 455, 526 blog, news, 370
balance, social, 155 blogs, 290
582 Information: A FundamentalConstruct
body (human),132 butterflyeffect, 543
book, 232, 367 buzzanalysis, 462
book industry,365 by line (news), 369
boolean operators, 529 by-laws, 350
Booleans, 102
botanical collections and classification, 274, 409 caching, 562
botnet, 296, 299 CAD preservation, 267
bots, conversational, 498 CAD, computer-aided design, 495
bottom-up processing, 430 call center, 358
boundary object, 38 calligraphy, 428
boundary object (classification system), 33 capital, social, 163
boundary objects (UML),107 capitalism, 332
bounded rationality, 341 care assistant (health care), 413
Bradford’s Law, 385 care-giver language, 237
brain science, 115, 552 cartography, 421
brainstorming, collaborative, 82 cartoon, 476
brainwashing, 130 cascade, information, 159
branch-and-bound,516 case (linguistics), 222
brand management, 358 case law, 326
branding, 163 CASE tool, 286
breadth-first treesearching, 515 case-based reasoning, 122, 535
bricolage, 95, 349 cash, digital, 338, 560
bridging (conversation), 234 casual games, 89
brittle representation, 36 catalog, 45
brittleness, 532 cataloging cultural objects (CCO), 274
Broca’s area (brain science), 554 categorical perception, 481
broken plan, 95 categorization, 536
broker, 336 categorization, question,464
broker, data, 360 categorization, social, 170
browsing, 70 categorization, text,449
browsing, collaborative, 181 categorizing search results, 453
bruteforce (computation), 92 category, 29
bruteforce attach on encryption, 556 category (cognition), 120
bubble,economic, 339 category (grammar), 217
bug(software), 288 catharsis, 189
bugtracking (software development), 287 causation, 125, 544
building blocks strategy, 72 causation (explanation), 227
built environments, 12 causation, inferring, 229
bureaucracy,252, 321, 343 causation, mutual, 541
business activity,345 causation, perception, 126
business classification, 352 causation, social, 171
business cycle, 338 CDMA (networks), 566
business intelligence, 253 cease and desist (copyright), 309
business model, 20, 253, 350 cell processor, 571
business model, games, 492 cellphone, 160
business model, publishing, 366 cellular automata, 546
business model, search engine, 360, 454 censorship, 306
business processes, 255, 346 centrality, 519
business rule, 260, 344 centralized versusdistributed decisions, 348
business-to-business (B2B), 356 certification authority,560
business-to-consumer (B2C), 358 chain of custody,266
Butterfly Effect, 398 chain of trust, 165
Information: A FundamentalConstruct 583
change detection, 462 classification, ethno-classification, 188
change, cultural, 188 classification, genre, 233
channelcapacity, 507 classification, medical, 412
chaotic system, 543 classification, text, 449
character (story), 230 classified document (security), 306
chat, 170 classifier, 29, 449, 547
chat, multilingual, 466 classifier (machine learning), 549
check sum, 577 classroom, 199
checkers(machine learning), 547 cleaning, data, 405
checksand balances (government),326 clicks and mortar (retail), 360
cheminformatics, 411 climate model, 397
Chief Information Officer (CIO),251 clinical decision support system, 414
children’s literature, 197 clinical health care informatics, 413
choice and decision, cognitive, 122 clinical trial (medicine), 414
choice strategy, 79 clique (social network), 519
choice theory,79 close reading, 438
choreography, 487 cloud computing, 276
chunking(cognition and learning), 532 clustering (affinity diagrams), 82
chunking(cognition), 124 clustering (group discussions), 82
cinema, digital, 491, 573 clustering (statistical), 548
circumstantial evidence, 171, 329 clusters, 29
CISC, 570 CMMI, 347
citation (datasets), 398 co-authorship, 383
citation (scholarly communication), 382 co-browsing, 181
citation network,case law, 326 co-citation, 383
citations, data, 400 co-design, 99
citizen, 202 co-evolution, 541
citizen archives, 146 co-located collaboration, 178
citizen engagement, 324 co-occurrence (phrases), 217
citizen information needs, 68 coarticulation, 481
citizen journalism, 370 cocktail-party effect, 116
citizen science, 388, 390 code (message), 509
city,372 code metadata, 286
civic data, 306, 329 code review, 287
civic engagement, 324 codebook, 508
civic media, 322 codec, 512
civil discourse, 322 codex, 367
civil law, 326 cognition, 120
civility, 322 cognition, spatial, 421
claim (argumentation), 228 cognitive load, 121
claims analysis (design), 139 cognitive organizer, 438
clan, 156 cognitive system, 113
clarification dialog, 75 cognitive walkthrough, 141
class diagram, 105 coherence, explanations, 227
class hierarchy,104 cohesion, group, 86
classification, 16, 30 cohesion, semantic, 222
classification (signal-detection), 536 collaboration, 9, 181
classification and decision tree (CART),548 collaborative information retrieval, 75, 442
classification system, enterprise, 257 collaborative learning, 199
classification, Bayesian, 535 collaborative visualization, 407
classification, biological, 409 collaboratory (science), 181, 390
classification, disease, 413 collection management, 248
584 Information: A FundamentalConstruct
collection metadata, 52 complexity,23
collection, data, 399 complexity,algorithm, 522
collection, distributed,279 complexity,conceptual, 124
collection, personal, 146 complexity,graph, 518
collection, reference, 246 complexity,psychological, 134
collective history,149 complexity,social, 7, 305
collective memory,8 complexity,software, 287
collective reasoning, 182 complexity,system, 97
collocation (phrases), 217 compliance (regulatory), 328
collusion (business), 335 composable simulation, 396
combinatoric explosion, 522 composite hypertext,55
commemoration, 135 composition (music), 480
commerce, 356 composition (writing), 439
commercial speech, 306 compositionality, 4, 215, 218, 219
commitment, 165 compositionality (object-oriented model), 104
commodity, 421 compositionality (thesauri), 35
common carrier, 361 comprehension, discourse, 226
commoninformationmodel(enterpriseinformation),255 comprehension, reading, 437
common information model (science), 403 compression, audio, 511
common law, 326 compression, image, 510
common sense, 24, 65 compression, text, 509
common-use hypertext,58, 458 compression, video, 512
commons, creative, 311 compromise, 83
commons, entrepreneurial, 372 computation, 16
commons, industrial), 372 computation, theory of, 570
commons, information, 245 computational behavioral science, 143
commons, knowledge, 382 computer assisted language learning (CALL), 197
commons, scholarly, 380 computer-aided design, 355
communication modality, 179 computer-aided software engineering (CASE), 286
communication mode (social), 160 computer-mediated exchanges, 335
communication, corporate, 345 computer-mediated family communication, 156
communicative intent,7 computer-supportedcollaborativelearning(CSCL),201
communicative practice, 223 computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW), 177
community,184 computing, 23
community behavior modeling, 169 concept, 124
community infrastructure, 329 concept bank,37
community of practice, 186 concept hierarchy,35
community of practice (science), 389 concept map (cognitive), 124
community standards, 249 conceptual framework, 34
community,learning, 199 conceptual model, 5, 395
community,scholarly, 379 conceptual model (database), 101
community,speech, 237 conceptual model (education), 289
company,350 conceptual model (science), 389
compelled speech, 306 conceptual model, search engine, 450
competition, 79 conceptual systems, 5
competition (economic), 333 concurrency,105
competitive advantage, 254, 372 concurrent engineering, 393
competitive intelligence, 254 condition-action pair, 532
compiler, 570 confidence(beliefs), 130
complex adaptivesystem, 10 confidenceman, 167
complex decision support (CDS),82 confidentiality of information, 293
complex system, 93, 542 configuration management, 288
Information: A FundamentalConstruct 585
configuration rules, 525 contract, software, 371
confirmation bias, 131 control and information, 183
conflict of interest (journalism), 369 control of information, 305
conflict of interest (science), 385 control theory, 542
conflict resolution, 84 control, organizational, 9
conformity, 131 controlled vocabulary,51, 354
congestion (network),544, 568 conversation, 234
congruence, graph, 517 conversation agreement, 463
conjecture, 387 conversation, structured,442
conjunctivenormal form (CNF), 530 conversational agents, 498
connectivity,162 conversational anchor, 180
connotation, 220 cookie (Web),319
consciousness, 115, 554 cooperation, 79
conservation (information resource), 264 cooperative cataloging, 52
consistency, interface, 124 coordination, 352
conspectus, 249 coordination (agents), 86
conspiracy theory,130 coordination (language), 218
constituent grammar, 217 coordination (multimedia), 473
constituent planning, 93 coordination (social), 169, 235
constitutional system, 326 coordination theory (social interaction), 87, 347
constraint processing, 525 coordination, agent, 278
constraint processing and propagation, 94 copy-detection, 315
constraints, 7 copyleft, 311
constructed languages, 215 copyright, 308
constructivist learning theory,191 core competency, 255, 346
constructivist mental models, 127 corporation, 351
consumer education, 203 corpus linguistics, 402
consumer electronics, 97, 471 corpus lingustics, 240
consumer health information, 415 correlation coefficient, 519
consumer transaction, 360 corruption, 168, 321, 336
contagion, 520 cosine distance (text retrieval), 527
content analysis, 448 cost (economics), 78
content farm, 359 cost function, 94
content guideline, 52 cost, coordination, 87
content management, 4, 21, 250 cost, transaction, 335
content management systems (CMS), 279, 562 cost-benefit analysis (archives), 273
content stream, 70 cost-benefit analysis (security), 295
content wrapper, 282 counter insurgency,298
content-addressable memory,550 counter-terrorism, 296, 298
context,4, 7, 213, 223, 265 counterfactual, 388
context (conversation), 234 counterfactual, history, 206
context (social), 171 coupon alert, 564
context sensitive linking, 562 crawler, copyright,313
context,archives and records, 267 crawling, Web,458
context,hypertext,56 creativity, 82, 92, 96, 373
contingency,136 credibility (information), 16
contingency planning, 94 credibility, information, 68
continuouscategory, 31 credit assignment, 171, 253, 549
continuousdesign, 99 credit card fraud, 168
contract, 313, 351 credit score, 317
contract (legal), 351 criminal activity,162, 167
contract, social, 155 crisis management, 330
586 Information: A FundamentalConstruct
critic (design), 96 cyber-war, 298
critical path, 349 cybernetics, 10
critical systems engineering, 283 cyclic graph, 514
critical thinking, 192, 202, 379
cronyism, 168 d-prime, 537
cross-cultural communication, 188 dance, 487
cross-language blogging, 465 dark archive, 272
cross-language text retrieval, 467 dark network, 569
crosswalk (thesauri), 49 data aggregation (privacy),316
crowd dynamics, 169, 497 data breach, 293
crowd sourcing, Wikipedia, 442 data broker, 316, 360
crowd-sourcing, 337, 410 data center, 277
crowdsourced game (metadata), 53 data cleaning, 104, 402
crowdsourcing, 162 data codes, medical, 416
crowdsourcing, science, 390 data collection organization, 401
crowdsouring, 430 data detectors, 406
CRUD principles (databases), 561 data documentation initiative (DDI),404
cryptology, 556 data exchange for advertising, 319
CSCW (computer-supported collaborative work), 177 data flow diagram, 105
culling (collections), 249 data governance, 258
cultural heritage, 8 data library, 402
cultural mapping, 421 data management plan, 403
cultural memory, 261 data management planning, 402
cultural object, 274 data mining, 168, 407
culture, 154, 187, 214, 237 data mining (customer data), 361
culture, information, 259 data mining, surveillance, 319
culture, material, 273 data mining, text, 445
culture, organizational, 251, 258 data mobility, 403
culture, videogame, 494 data model (hypertext),55
culturnomics, 8 data model, data management, 399
curated web page, 458 data model, dimensional, 261
curation (data), 402 data model, entity-relationship (ER), 101
curation (museum),201 data model, geographic, 419
curation, social, 462 data model, object-oriented, 104
currency,338 data model, relational, 103
curriculum, 194 data narrative, 407
cursing, 238 data preservation, 404
custodian, data, 402 data privacy,317
customer aggregators, 337 data provenance, 266, 402
customer relationship management (CRM), 358 data schema, 103
customizable, 145 data set, 17
customization, 373 data storage, 277
cyber-bullying,161 data structure, 522
cyber-condria, 414 data synchronization, 403
cyber-crime, 168 data warehouse, 261
cyber-drama, 487, 493 data, social, 169
cyber-exploitation, 296 database management system (DBMS), 561
cyber-hate,318 database transaction, 561
cyber-infrastructure, 380, 398, 403 dating, 157, 336
cyber-intermediary,337, 373 de-anonymizing datasets, 405
cyber-physicalsystem, 499 deadlock, 86
cyber-security,298 deals, retail offerings, 358
Information: A FundamentalConstruct 587
debate, civil, 322 design, market,335
debugging, 128, 286 design, object-oriented, 104
deception, 166, 235, 441, 463, 482 design, ontological, 351
decision aids and analysis, 81 design, participatory, 99
decision making, organizational, 183 design, tool, 89
decision processes, 122 design, userinterface, 138
decision strategy, 344 design, Web site, 58
decision support system (DSS),81 desktop interface, 88, 474
decision support,medical, 414 desktop manufacturing, 354
decision support,security analysis, 296 desktop searching, 454
decision topurchase, 360 detection, signal, 536
decision tree, 78, 548 determinism, 125
decision, social, 321 deterministic model, 395
declarative memory, 121 development (economic), 342
declarative programming language, 532 development,collection, 248
deductive,logic, 529 deviance (social), 166
deep learning, 551 diagnosis, 143
deep Web, 459 diagnosis (medicine), 413
defamation, 306 diagnosis (psychology),128
definingattribute, 30 diagnosis, medical self, 414
definition (linguistic), 219 dialect, 237
degree of separation, 59, 519 dialog, 193
delay of gratification, 136 dialog management, 236
deliberation, 175 diary, 146
deliberative democracy, 322 diction, 482
Delphimethod, 83 dictionary definition (language), 219
demagoguery, 323 dictionary order, 428
demand forecasting, 354 dictionary, data, 101
democracy, 322 Diffie-Hellman encryption,557
denial of service attacks, 294 diffusion of information, 331, 520
denotation, 220 diffusion of innovation, 159
dependency,86 digital asset management system, 245
dependencygraph, 347 digital convergence, 21, 471
dependencygraph (process modeling), 288 digital encryption standard (DES),559
depth of processing (cognition), 121 digital footprint, 317
depth-firsttree search, 515 digital forensics (archives), 271
derivativework, 45 digital forensics (security), 293
description, 43, 226 digital ink, 199
description logic, 529 digital lives, 146, 439
description, design, 98 digital logic, 570
descriptor, subject, 52 digital object identifier(DOI),562
desiccated format (preservation), 267 digital preservation, 269
design, 9, 95 digital rights management (DRM), 313
design (graphical), 476 digital signal processing (DSP),572
design artifact, 100 digital signature, 557
design pattern, 97 digitization, 429
design rationale, 99 dimensional data model, 261
design, affective, 134 dimensionality reduction,174, 527
design, collaborative, 180 directed graph, 515
design, discussion, 233 disability, 142
design, incentive centered,341 disambiguation, word sense, 443
design, instructional, 194 disaster archive, 264
588 Information: A FundamentalConstruct
disaster planning, 330 document management systems, 256
discipline, academic, 363, 380 document recognition, visual, 431
disclosure, 24, 321 document structure, 38
disclosure of information, 171 document typedefinition (DTD), 38
discourse, 7, 224 document, government,321
discourse community,186 document, requirements,284
discourse processing, 447 documentary context (archives), 268
discourse, classroom, 199 documentation, 38
discourse, public, 322 documentation strategy (archives), 265
discourse, task-oriented, 233 documentation, interface, 289
discourse, tutoring, 193 domain informatics, 408
discourse, verbal, 224 domain ontology, 36
discourse, visual, 477 domain structure, 223
discovery (legal informatics), 329 domain-specific modeling, 397
discovery,information, 24 dominance, social, 154
discrete cosine transformation (DCT), 510 dopamine, 133, 554
discrete math, 514, 539 drama, 170, 493
discrete-event simulation, 395 drama management, 145
discussion, collaborative, 82 dramatic arc, 229
discussion, task-oriented, 233 drift, semantic, 214
disease informatics, 417 DRM, digital rights management, 313
disease vector, 520 drone (privacy),318
disease, patient management, 416 drooping tail (power law), 541
disfluency (speech),482 DSS,decision support system, 81
disinformation, 166, 296 dualism, mind-body,135
disintermediation, 337 Dublin Core, 45
disjunctive normal form (DNF), 530 Dublin Core, education, 198
display, video, 573 Dublin Core, video, 490
disruptivetechnology, 89, 340, 392 duediligence, 163, 255
dissent, 322 dueprocess, 328
dissonance, 171 duplicate detection, 315
dissonance, cognitive, 132 duplicate record, 104
distance education, 200 dynamiccontent, 384
distributed cognition, 175 dynamicplanning, 93
distributed design, 99 dynamicpricing, 333
distributed development environments,287 dynamical system, 395, 542
distributed learning, 200 dyslexia, 143
distributed manufacturing, 352
distributed representation, 29 E2E votingsecurity, 539
distributed systems, 275 EAD, encoded archival description, 269
distributional semantics, 457 ebXML, electronic business XML, 356
dithering, 510 echo chamber(opinion), 77
division of labor, 85, 155, 182 ecology, genre, 232
DNA,318, 408, 409 ecology, information, 88
docent, 201 ecology, network, 518
docudrama, 206 ecology, repository, 21
document,37 ecommerce, 356
document communities, 186 economics, 332
document compilation, 450 economy of scale, 21, 354, 373
document frequency,527 economy, gift, 287
document identification, 434 economy, knowledge, 361
document layout, 429 economy, virtual, 335