2013 Kuskokwim area management report.

126 Pages·2015·3.58 MB·English

Fishery Management Report No. 15-46
2013 Kuskokwim Area Management Report
by
Aaron Tiernan
and
Aaron Poetter
December 2015
Alaska Department of Fish and Game Divisions of Sport Fish and Commercial Fisheries
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The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used
without definition in the following reports by the Divisions of Sport Fish and of Commercial Fisheries: Fishery
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2
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3
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(e.g., AK, WA)
‰
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FISHERY MANAGEMENT REPORT NO. 15-46
2013 KUSKOKWIM AREA MANAGEMENT REPORT
by
Aaron Tiernan
and
Aaron Poetter

Alaska Department of Fish and Game
Division of Sport Fish, Research and Technical Services
333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99518-1565
December 2015
The Fishery Management Reports series was established in 1989 by the Division of Sport Fish for the publication of
an overview of management activities and goals in a specific geographic area, and became a joint divisional series in
2004 with the Division of Commercial Fisheries. Fishery Management Reports are intended for fishery and other
technical professionals, as well as lay persons. Fishery Management Reports are available through the Alaska State
Library and on the Internet: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/publications/ This publication has undergone regional
peer review.

Aaron Tiernan and Aaron Poetter,
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries,
333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA

This document should be cited as:
Tiernan, A., and A. Poetter. 2015. 2013 Kuskokwim area management report. Alaska Department of Fish and
Game, Fishery Management Report No. 15-46, Anchorage.
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) administers all programs and activities free from discrimination
based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The
department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section
504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, the Age
Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility please write:
ADF&G ADA Coordinator, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK 99811-5526
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, MS 2042, Arlington, VA 22203
Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW MS 5230, Washington DC 20240
The department’s ADA Coordinator can be reached via phone at the following numbers:
(VOICE) 907-465-6077, (Statewide Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) 1-800-478-3648,
(Juneau TDD) 907-465-3646, or (FAX) 907-465-6078
For information on alternative formats and questions on this publication, please contact:
ADF&G, Division of Sport Fish, Research and Technical Services, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage AK 99518 [phone]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF APPENDICES ..............................................................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Management Area Description ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Management .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Background ............................................................................................................................................................... 2
Salmon Stock Status ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Run Reconstruction .................................................................................................................................................. 4
2013 Management Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Subsistence ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Cooperative Management Process ............................................................................................................................ 6
Federal Subsistence Program ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Subsistence Survey ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Run Strength Indicators ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Bethel Test Fishery ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Inseason Subsistence Catch Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 8
2013 COMMERCIAL SALMON FISHERY ................................................................................................................ 8
Kuskokwim River ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Kuskokwim Bay ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
2013 SUBSISTENCE SALMON FISHERY .............................................................................................................. 10
Subsistence Harvest ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
ESCAPEMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
2013 Escapement Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Kuskokwim River ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Kwethluk River weir ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Tuluksak River weir ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Salmon River weir ......................................................................................................................................... 14
George River weir ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Kogrukluk River weir .................................................................................................................................... 14
Tatlawiksuk River weir ................................................................................................................................. 14
Takotna River weir ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Telaquana River weir .................................................................................................................................... 14
Kuskokwim Bay ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Kanektok River weir ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Middle Fork Goodnews River weir ............................................................................................................... 15
Aerial Surveys ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Kuskokwim River ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Lower Kuskokwim River .............................................................................................................................. 15
Middle Kuskokwim River ............................................................................................................................. 15
Upper Kuskokwim River............................................................................................................................... 15
Kuskokwim Bay ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
Kuskokwim Bay ............................................................................................................................................ 16
KUSKOKWIM HERRING FISHERY ........................................................................................................................ 16
Management Area........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Fishery Management ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Commercial Fishery Overview ............................................................................................................................... 17
2013 Commercial Herring Fishery ......................................................................................................................... 18
Subsistence Fishery ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Stock Assessment ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
2013 Stock Assessment ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Goodnews Bay District ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Cape Avinof District .................................................................................................................................................... 20
Nelson Island District .................................................................................................................................................. 20
MISCELLANEOUS FISHERIES ............................................................................................................................... 20
Freshwater Commercial ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Stock Status ............................................................................................................................................................ 21
Saltwater Commercial ................................................................................................................................................. 21
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 21
REFERENCES CITED ............................................................................................................................................... 21
TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... 25
APPENDIX A: KUSKOKWIM AREA ...................................................................................................................... 47
APPENDIX B: KUSKOKWIM RIVER SALMON .................................................................................................... 75
APPENDIX C: DISTRICT 4 SALMON ..................................................................................................................... 91
APPENDIX D: DISTRICT 5 SALMON ................................................................................................................... 103
APPENDIX E: HERRING ........................................................................................................................................ 113
ii
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Commercial salmon harvest and exvessel value by district, Kuskokwim Management Area, 2013. ............ 26
2 Commercial and subsistence salmon fishing emergency order summary, Kuskokwim Management
Area, 2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 27
3 Commercial salmon harvest by period, District W-1, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management
Area, 2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 29
4 Commercial salmon harvest by period, District 4, Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay, 2013. .............................. 30
5 Commercial salmon harvest by period, District W-5 Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Bay, 2013. ................... 31
6 Subsistence salmon harvest estimates, Kuskokwim Management Area, 1990–2013. ................................... 32
7 Estimated subsistence salmon harvest by species and community for the Kuskokwim Area, 2013. ............ 33
8 Projections of Pacific herring spawning biomass and harvest levels for the 2013 season, Kuskokwim
Bay, 2013. ..................................................................................................................................................... 35

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 The Kuskokwim Management Area, including Kuskokwim Bay, the Kuskokwim River, and all
commercial fishing districts. ......................................................................................................................... 36
2 Map of District W-1, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area. .................................................. 37
3 Map of District W-2, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area. .................................................. 38
4 Map of District W-4, Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Management Area. .............................................................. 39
5 Map of District W-5, Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Management Area. ....................................................... 40
6 Map of aerial survey streams, Kuskokwim Management Area. .................................................................... 41
7 Aerial survey map of the Kanektok River, Kuskokwim Management Area. ................................................ 42
8 Aerial survey map of the Goodnews River drainage, Kuskokwim Management Area. ................................ 43
9 Ground based escapement projects, Kuskokwim Management Area. ........................................................... 44
10 Commercial herring districts, Kuskokwim Management Area. .................................................................... 45

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
A1 Historical events. Kuskokwim management area, 1913–2013. ..................................................................... 48
A2 Commercial salmon harvest, including personal use, Kuskokwim Area, 1960–2013................................... 58
A3 Estimated exvessel value of the commercial salmon harvest and permits fished, Kuskokwim
Management Area, 1987–2013. .................................................................................................................... 60
A4 Commercial salmon average mean weights and prices paid, Kuskokwim Area, Kuskokwim Area,
1967–2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 61
A5 Salmon assessment programs, Kuskokwim Area, 2012. ............................................................................... 62
A6 Subsistence Chinook salmon harvest estimates by community, Kuskokwim Management Area, 2003–
2013. .............................................................................................................................................................. 67
A7 Estimated number of sockeye salmon harvested in the Kuskokwim area, 2003–2013. ................................ 69
A8 Estimated number of coho salmon harvested in the Kuskokwim area, 2003–2013. ..................................... 71
A9 Estimated number of chum salmon harvested in the Kuskokwim area, 2003–2013. .................................... 73
B1 Districts 1 and 2 combined commercial salmon harvests, including personal use, Kuskokwim River,
1960–2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 76
B2 Commercial salmon harvest and exvessel value, District W-1, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim
Management Area,1993–2013. ..................................................................................................................... 78
B3 Chinook salmon utilization, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Area, 1990–2013. ......................................... 79
B4 Sockeye salmon utilization, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Area, 1990−2013. ......................................... 80
B5 Coho salmon utilization, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area, 1990−2013. ........................ 81
iii
LIST OF APPENDICES (Continued)
Appendix Page
B6 Chum salmon utilization, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Area, 1990–2013. ............................................. 82
B7 Cumulative Chinook salmon CPUE in the Bethel test fishery, Kuskokwim River, 2008–2013. .................. 83
B8 Daily inseason projection of the end of season test fishery Chinook salmon cumulative value using late
run timing, Kuskokwim River, 2013. ............................................................................................................ 84
B9 Bethel test fishery harvest donations and sales, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area,
1990−2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 85
B10 Chinook salmon escapements at weir projects, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area,
2003–2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 86
B11 Chinook salmon spawning aerial survey index estimates, Kuskokwim River drainage, Kuskokwim
Management Area, 2003−2013. .................................................................................................................... 87
B12 Sockeye salmon escapements at weir projects, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area,
2003–2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 88
B13 Chum salmon escapements at weir projects, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area, 2003–
2013. .............................................................................................................................................................. 89
B14 Coho salmon escapements at weir projects, Kuskokwim River, Kuskokwim Management Area, 2003–
2013. .............................................................................................................................................................. 90
C1 Commercial salmon fishing periods, hours, and permits fished, District 4 Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay,
1980−2013. .................................................................................................................................................... 92
C2 Commercial salmon harvest, including personal use, District 4, Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay, 1960–
2013. .............................................................................................................................................................. 93
C3 Commercial salmon fishing exvessel value, District 4, Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013. ............. 95
C4 Chinook salmon total utilization, District 4 Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013................................ 96
C5 Sockeye salmon total utilization, District 4 Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013. ............................... 97
C6 Coho salmon total utilization, District 4 Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013. .................................... 98
C7 Chum salmon total utilization, District 4 Quinhagak, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013. .................................. 99
C8 Salmon spawning escapement, Kanektok River, Kuskokwim Bay, 1996−2013. ........................................ 100
C9 Salmon spawning aerial survey index estimates, Kanektok River, Kuskokwim Bay drainage,
1962−2013. .................................................................................................................................................. 101
D1 Commercial salmon fishing periods, hours, and permits fished, District 5, Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim
Bay, 1980–2013. ......................................................................................................................................... 104
D2 Commercial salmon harvests, including personal use, District W-5 Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Bay,
1968–2013. .................................................................................................................................................. 105
D3 Commercial salmon fishing exvessel value, District W-5 Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–
2013. ............................................................................................................................................................ 106
D4 Chinook salmon total utilization, District W-5 Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013.................. 107
D5 Sockeye salmon total utilization, District W-5 Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013. ................. 108
D6 Coho salmon total utilization, District W-5 Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013. ...................... 109
D7 Chum salmon total utilization, District W-5 Goodnews Bay, Kuskokwim Bay, 1990–2013. .................... 110
D8 Salmon spawning escapement, Middle Fork Goodnews River, Kuskokwim Bay drainage, 1981–2013. ... 111
D9 Salmon spawning aerial survey index estimates, Goodnews rivers and lakes, Kuskokwim Bay
drainage, 1980–2013. .................................................................................................................................. 112
E1 Estimated biomass, commercial harvest, effort and value of Pacific herring in Kuskokwim Area fishing
districts, Alaska, 1981–2013. ...................................................................................................................... 114
E2 Age class composition of biomass from samples collected by ADF&G variable mesh gillnet test
fisheries, Goodnews Bay and Nelson Island Districts, Kuskokwim Bay, 2013. ......................................... 117
E3 Age composition of Pacific herring sampled from the ADF&G variable mesh gillnet (VMG) test
fisheries, Goodnews Bay and Nelson Island Districts, Kuskokwim Bay, 2013. ......................................... 118
E4 Length and weight composition by age of Pacific herring caught by ADF&G variable mesh gillnet
(VMG) test fisheries, Goodnews Bay and Nelson Island Districts, Kuskokwim Bay, 2013. ...................... 118

iv
ABSTRACT
The 2013 Kuskokwim Area Management Report is an annual volume reporting on management activities of the
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries staff in the Kuskokwim River and Bay, as
well as regulation changes by the Alaska Board of Fisheries in January 2013. The report emphasizes a descriptive
account of the information, decisions, and rationale used to manage the Kuskokwim River and Bay subsistence and
commercial salmon (Chinook Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum O. keta, sockeye O. nerka, and coho O. kisutch)
and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii fisheries. We have included all information deemed necessary to fully explain
the rationale behind management decisions in 2013. All narrative and data tabulations in this volume are combined
in 4 sections (salmon, subsistence, herring, and miscellaneous fisheries) to aid in the use of the document as a
reference source. The extensive set of tables has been updated to record previously unlisted data for easy reference.
Fisheries data in this report supersede information in previous reports. Corrections or comments should be directed
to the Anchorage office: Attention Editor, Aaron Tiernan, Kuskokwim Assistant Area Management Biologist, 333
Raspberry Road, Anchorage, Alaska, 99518.
Keywords: Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum salmon O.
keta, sockeye salmon O. nerka, coho salmon O. kisutch, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, subsistence
fisheries, commercial fisheries, subsistence, Annual Management Report (AMR), Kuskokwim River,
Kuskokwim Bay.
INTRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT AREA DESCRIPTION
The Kuskokwim Management Area (KMA) includes the Kuskokwim River drainage, all waters
of Alaska that flow into the Bering Sea between Cape Newenham and the Naskonat Peninsula,
and Nunivak and St. Matthew Islands (Figure 1).
There are 38 communities consisting of approximately 4,800 households within the KMA. Of
those households, approximately 75% are situated within the drainage of the Kuskokwim River
(Shelden et al. 2014). Much of the salmon fishing effort occurs within the mainstem of the
Kuskokwim River; however, fishing also occurs in many of the tributaries that contain salmon.
Residents of Quinhagak, Goodnews Bay, and Platinum, located along the south shore of
Kuskokwim Bay, harvest salmon stocks primarily from the Kanektok, Arolik, and Goodnews
River systems. Residents of Kipnuk, Kwigillingok, and Kongiganak, located on the north
Kuskokwim Bay, harvest salmon from within the Kuskokwim River drainage and from local
drainages that empty into Kuskokwim Bay. Residents of Toksook Bay, Nightmute, Tununak,
Newtok, Chefornak, and Mekoryuk, which are situated near the Bering Sea Coast, harvest
salmon from coastal waters and local streams.
There are currently 4 commercial salmon fishing districts in the KMA: 1, 2, 4, and 5 (5 AAC
07.200). Districts 1, 2, 3, and 4 were established in 1960; however District 3, Upper Kuskokwim
River, was removed from regulation in 1966 due to lack of landings. District 5, Goodnews Bay,
was established in 1968 (Appendix A1). District 1, Lower Kuskokwim River, consists of the
Kuskokwim River from a line between Apokak Slough and the southernmost tip of Eek Island
and Popokamiut upstream to a line between the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G)
regulatory markers located at Bogus Creek, about 9 miles upstream of the Tuluksak River
(Figure 2). District 1 was divided into 2 subdistricts in 2000. Subdistrict 1-A consists of that
portion of District 1 upstream from a line between regulatory markers located at the downstream
end of Steamboat Slough and includes Statistical Areas 335-13 and 335-14. Subdistrict 1-B
consists of that portion of District 1 downstream from regulatory markers at Steamboat Slough
and includes Statistical Areas 335-11 and 335-12. District 2, Middle Kuskokwim River, consists
1
of Kuskokwim River from ADF&G regulatory markers located at the upstream entrance to the
second slough on the west bank downstream from Kalskag to the regulatory markers at
Chuathbaluk (Figure 3). The most recent commercial fishing periods occurred in District 2 in
2000. District 4, Quinhagak, consists of the waters of Kuskokwim Bay from the northern-most
edge of the mouth of Weelung Creek to the southern-most tip of the south mouth of Arolik River
and extending for 3 miles from the coast (Figure 4). District 5 consists of that portion of
Goodnews Bay east of a line from ADF&G regulatory markers located approximately 2 miles
south and 2 miles north on the seaward side of the entrance of Goodnews Bay, and west of a line
between mouth of Ukfigag Creek to the mouth of the Tunulik River (Figure 5).
MANAGEMENT
Background
The overall goal of Kuskokwim Area management programs is to manage salmon runs for
sustained yield by policies set forth by the Alaska Board of Fisheries (BOF), including the Policy
for the Management of Sustainable Salmon Fisheries (5 AAC 39.222) and Policy for Statewide
Salmon Escapement Goals (5 AAC 39.223). For all statewide fisheries, the Alaska State
Legislature has designated subsistence fishing as the highest priority among beneficial uses of
the resource (AS 16.05.258 Subsistence Use and Allocation of Fish and Game).
The large size of the Kuskokwim River drainage and the distances between the fisheries, and the
escapement monitoring projects throughout the drainage, adds complexity to the management of
Kuskokwim River. Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha begin entry into the Kuskokwim
River in late May, whereas sockeye O. nerka and chum salmon O. keta begin their entry in mid-
June. Chinook and sockeye salmon runs fall off in early July, whereas the chum salmon run
begins to fall off in late July when coho salmon O. kisutch run entry begins. Coho salmon entry
to the river falls off in late August to early September. Fishery management information on run
size and timing by species is limited until the salmon are distributed throughout the drainage and
on the spawning grounds hundreds of miles from and months after the lower river fishery has
been initiated.
Kuskokwim Bay salmon have similar run timing into the Kanektok, Goodnews, and Arolik
rivers. These are small drainages in comparison to Kuskokwim River. Although evaluation of
run size and timing in Kuskokwim Bay Rivers is not immediate, it is much timelier than that of
the Kuskokwim River. Many of the factors that make Kuskokwim River fisheries management
difficult are not present in Kuskokwim Bay fisheries.
Small numbers of Chinook salmon are harvested in salmon directed commercial fisheries during
late June and July under a guideline harvest range of 0–50,000 fish. Directed Chinook salmon
fisheries do occur in Districts 4 and 5 when abundance is adequate to allow for a commercial
fishery. The harvest of sockeye salmon was considered incidental to chum salmon harvest in
Kuskokwim River from 1987 to 2003; however in 2004, a guideline harvest level of 0–50,000
sockeye salmon was established. Districts 4 and 5 commercial fisheries target sockeye and chum
salmon. Coho salmon are targeted in all 3 commercial fishing districts with those fisheries
occurring in late July through early September.
The KMA commercial fishery was relatively stable from 1987 to 1996, with the harvests ranging
from 740,000 to 2.3 million fish (Appendix A2). Effort ranged from 714 to 824 permits fished,
and the exvessel value of the fishery ranged from $2.9 million to $12.7 million (Appendix A3).
2